示例：使用 AS 路径正则表达式
自治系统 （AS） 路径是 BGP 使用的路由属性。AS 路径既可用于路由选择，也可用于防止潜在的路由环路。此示例说明如何使用正则表达式和 AS 路径编号来查找一组路由。
要求
配置此示例之前，不需要除设备初始化之外的特殊配置。
概述
图 1 显示通过外部 BGP （EBGP） 对等会话连接的多个 AS。每个设备都在其分配的地址空间内生成客户路由。
拓扑
图 1 显示了示例网络。
图 1： BGP 拓扑 AS 正则表达式
AS 64516 的管理员希望拒绝源自 AS 64513 和 AS 64514 的所有路由。在名为reject-some-routes的策略中创建和orig-in-64514引用的两个 AS 路径正则表达式orig-in-64513。然后，路由策略将作为设备 R6 上的导入策略应用。
#configuration488__policy-as-path-regex-st本节介绍设备 R2 和设备 R6 上的步骤。验证说明如何使用aspath-regex选项和设备 show route R2 上的命令来使用正则表达式查找路由。
配置
CLI 快速配置
要快速配置此示例，请复制以下命令，将其粘贴到文本文件中，删除所有换行符，更改详细信息，以便与网络配置匹配，然后将命令复制并粘贴到层次结构级别的 CLI 中 [edit] 。
设备 R1
set interfaces fe-1/2/2 unit 0 description to-R2 set interfaces fe-1/2/2 unit 0 family inet address 10.2.0.2/30 set interfaces fe-1/2/3 unit 0 description to-R3 set interfaces fe-1/2/3 unit 0 family inet address 10.2.0.6/30 set interfaces fe-1/2/0 unit 0 description to-R5 set interfaces fe-1/2/0 unit 0 family inet address 10.0.0.2/30 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.0.1/32 set protocols bgp export send-static set protocols bgp group 64512 type external set protocols bgp group 64512 peer-as 64512 set protocols bgp group 64512 neighbor 10.2.0.1 set protocols bgp group 64513 type external set protocols bgp group 64513 peer-as 64513 set protocols bgp group 64513 neighbor 10.2.0.5 set protocols bgp group 64515 type external set protocols bgp group 64515 peer-as 64515 set protocols bgp group 64515 neighbor 10.0.0.1 set policy-options policy-statement send-static term 1 from protocol static set policy-options policy-statement send-static term 1 then accept set routing-options static route 10.10.1.0/24 reject set routing-options static route 10.10.2.0/24 reject set routing-options static route 10.10.3.0/24 reject set routing-options autonomous-system 64511
设备 R2
set interfaces fe-1/2/2 unit 0 description to-R1 set interfaces fe-1/2/2 unit 0 family inet address 10.2.0.1/30 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.0.2/32 set protocols bgp export send-static set protocols bgp group 64511 type external set protocols bgp group 64511 peer-as 64511 set protocols bgp group 64511 neighbor 10.2.0.2 set policy-options policy-statement send-static term 1 from protocol static set policy-options policy-statement send-static term 1 then accept set routing-options static route 10.20.1.0/24 reject set routing-options static route 10.20.2.0/24 reject set routing-options static route 10.20.3.0/24 reject set routing-options autonomous-system 64512
设备 R3
set interfaces fe-1/2/3 unit 0 description to-R1 set interfaces fe-1/2/3 unit 0 family inet address 10.2.0.5/30 set interfaces fe-1/2/2 unit 0 description to-R4 set interfaces fe-1/2/2 unit 0 family inet address 10.3.0.42/30 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.0.3/32 set protocols bgp export send-static set protocols bgp group 64511 type external set protocols bgp group 64511 peer-as 64511 set protocols bgp group 64511 neighbor 10.2.0.6 set protocols bgp group 64514 type external set protocols bgp group 64514 peer-as 64514 set protocols bgp group 64514 neighbor 10.3.0.41 set policy-options policy-statement send-static term 1 from protocol static set policy-options policy-statement send-static term 1 then accept set routing-options static route 10.30.1.0/24 reject set routing-options static route 10.30.2.0/24 reject set routing-options static route 10.30.3.0/24 reject set routing-options autonomous-system 64513
设备 R4
set interfaces fe-1/2/2 unit 0 description to-R3 set interfaces fe-1/2/2 unit 0 family inet address 10.3.0.41/30 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.0.4/32 set protocols bgp export send-static set protocols bgp group 64513 type external set protocols bgp group 64513 peer-as 64513 set protocols bgp group 64513 neighbor 10.3.0.42 set policy-options policy-statement send-static term 1 from protocol static set policy-options policy-statement send-static term 1 then accept set routing-options static route 10.40.1.0/24 reject set routing-options static route 10.40.2.0/24 reject set routing-options static route 10.40.3.0/24 reject set routing-options autonomous-system 64514
设备 R5
set interfaces fe-1/2/0 unit 0 description to-R1 set interfaces fe-1/2/0 unit 0 family inet address 10.0.0.1/30 set interfaces fe-1/2/1 unit 0 description to-R6 set interfaces fe-1/2/1 unit 0 family inet address 10.0.0.9/30 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.0.5/32 set protocols bgp export send-static set protocols bgp group 64511 type external set protocols bgp group 64511 peer-as 64511 set protocols bgp group 64511 neighbor 10.0.0.2 set protocols bgp group 64516 type external set protocols bgp group 64516 peer-as 64516 set protocols bgp group 64516 neighbor 10.0.0.10 set policy-options policy-statement send-static term 1 from protocol static set policy-options policy-statement send-static term 1 then accept set routing-options static route 10.50.1.0/24 reject set routing-options static route 10.50.2.0/24 reject set routing-options static route 10.50.3.0/24 reject set routing-options autonomous-system 64515
设备 R6
set interfaces fe-1/2/1 unit 0 description to-R5 set interfaces fe-1/2/1 unit 0 family inet address 10.0.0.10/30 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.0.6/32 set protocols bgp export send-static set protocols bgp group 64515 type external set protocols bgp group 64515 import reject-some-routes set protocols bgp group 64515 peer-as 64515 set protocols bgp group 64515 neighbor 10.0.0.9 set policy-options policy-statement send-static term 1 from protocol static set policy-options policy-statement send-static term 1 then accept set policy-options policy-statement reject-some-routes term find-routes from as-path orig-in-64513 set policy-options policy-statement reject-some-routes term find-routes from as-path orig-in-64514 set policy-options policy-statement reject-some-routes term find-routes then reject set policy-options as-path orig-in-64513 ".* 64513" set policy-options as-path orig-in-64514 ".* 64514" set routing-options static route 10.60.1.0/24 reject set routing-options static route 10.60.2.0/24 reject set routing-options static route 10.60.3.0/24 reject set routing-options autonomous-system 64516
程序
逐步过程
以下示例要求您在配置层次结构中的各个级别上导航。有关导航 CLI 的信息，请参阅 在配置模式下使用 CLI 编辑器Junos OS CLI 用户指南。
要配置设备 R2：
配置设备接口。
[edit interfaces] user@R2# set fe-1/2/2 unit 0 description to-R1 user@R2# set fe-1/2/2 unit 0 family inet address 10.2.0.1/30 user@R2# set lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.0.2/32
配置与设备 R1 的 EBGP 连接。
[edit protocols bgp] user@R2# set export send-static user@R2# set group 64511 type external user@R2# set group 64511 peer-as 64511 user@R2# set group 64511 neighbor 10.2.0.2
配置路由策略。
[edit policy-options policy-statement send-static term 1] user@R2# set from protocol static user@R2# set then accept
配置静态路由。
[edit routing-options static] user@R2# set route 10.20.1.0/24 reject user@R2# set route 10.20.2.0/24 reject user@R2# set route 10.20.3.0/24 reject
配置 AS 编号。
[edit routing-options] user@R2# set autonomous-system 64512
逐步过程
以下示例要求您在配置层次结构中的各个级别上导航。有关导航 CLI 的信息，请参阅 在配置模式下使用 CLI 编辑器Junos OS CLI 用户指南。
要配置设备 R6：
配置设备接口。
[edit interfaces] user@R6# set fe-1/2/1 unit 0 description to-R5 user@R6# set fe-1/2/1 unit 0 family inet address 10.0.0.10/30 user@R6# set lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.0.6/32
配置与设备 R5 的 EBGP 连接。
[edit protocols bgp] user@R6# set export send-static user@R6# set group 64515 type external user@R6# set group 64515 import reject-some-routes user@R6# set group 64515 peer-as 64515 user@R6# set group 64515 neighbor 10.0.0.9
配置发送静态路由的路由策略。
[edit policy-options policy-statement send-static term 1] user@R6# set from protocol static user@R6# set then accept
配置拒绝某些路由的路由策略。
[edit policy-options policy-statement reject-some-routes term find-routes] user@R6# set from as-path orig-in-64513 user@R6# set from as-path orig-in-64514 user@R6# set then reject [edit policy-options] user@R6# set as-path orig-in-64513 ".* 64513" user@R6# set as-path orig-in-64514 ".* 64514"
配置静态路由。
[edit routing-options static] user@R6# set route 10.60.1.0/24 reject user@R6# set route 10.60.2.0/24 reject user@R6# set route 10.60.3.0/24 reject
配置 AS 编号。
[edit routing-options] user@R6# set autonomous-system 64516
结果
在配置模式下，输入 show interfaces、 show protocols、 show policy-options和 show routing-options 命令，以确认您的配置。如果输出未显示预期的配置，请重复此示例中的说明，以更正配置。
设备 R2
user@R2# show interfaces
fe-1/2/0 {
unit 0 {
description to-R1;
family inet {
address 10.2.0.1/30;
}
}
}
lo0 {
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 192.168.0.2/32;
}
}
}
user@R2# show protocols
bgp {
export send-static;
group 64511 {
type external;
peer-as 64511;
neighbor 10.2.0.2;
}
}
user@R2# show policy-options
policy-statement send-static {
term 1 {
from protocol static;
then accept;
}
}
user@R2# show routing-options
static {
route 10.20.1.0/24 reject;
route 10.20.2.0/24 reject;
route 10.20.3.0/24 reject;
}
autonomous-system 64512;
设备 R6
user@R6# show interfaces
fe-1/2/0 {
unit 0 {
description to-R5;
family inet {
address 10.0.0.10/30;
}
}
}
lo0 {
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 192.168.0.6/32;
}
}
}
user@R6# show protocols
bgp {
export send-static;
group 64515 {
type external;
import reject-some-routes;
peer-as 64515;
neighbor 10.0.0.9;
}
}
user@R6# show policy-options
policy-statement reject-some-routes {
term find-routes {
from as-path [ orig-in-64513 orig-in-64514 ];
then reject;
}
}
policy-statement send-static {
term 1 {
from protocol static;
then accept;
}
}
as-path orig-in-64513 ".* 64513";
as-path orig-in-64514 ".* 64514";
user@R6# show routing-options
static {
route 10.60.1.0/24 reject;
route 10.60.2.0/24 reject;
route 10.60.3.0/24 reject;
}
autonomous-system 64516;
完成设备配置后，请从配置模式进入 commit 。
验证
确认配置工作正常。
查找设备 R2 上的路由
目的
在设备 R2 上，使用 show route aspath-regex 命令使用正则表达式查找路由。
行动
查找由 AS 64516 中设备 R6 发起的路由。
user@R2> show route terse aspath-regex ".* 64516" inet.0: 21 destinations, 21 routes (21 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden) + = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both A V Destination P Prf Metric 1 Metric 2 Next hop AS path * ? 10.60.1.0/24 B 170 100 64511 64515 64516 I unverified >10.2.0.2 * ? 10.60.2.0/24 B 170 100 64511 64515 64516 I unverified >10.2.0.2 * ? 10.60.3.0/24 B 170 100 64511 64515 64516 I unverified >10.2.0.2
查找源自 AS 64514 或 AS 64516 的路由。
user@R2> show route terse aspath-regex ".* (64514|64516)" inet.0: 21 destinations, 21 routes (21 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden) + = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both A V Destination P Prf Metric 1 Metric 2 Next hop AS path * ? 10.40.1.0/24 B 170 100 64511 64513 64514 I unverified >10.2.0.2 * ? 10.40.2.0/24 B 170 100 64511 64513 64514 I unverified >10.2.0.2 * ? 10.40.3.0/24 B 170 100 64511 64513 64514 I unverified >10.2.0.2 * ? 10.60.1.0/24 B 170 100 64511 64515 64516 I unverified >10.2.0.2 * ? 10.60.2.0/24 B 170 100 64511 64515 64516 I unverified >10.2.0.2 * ? 10.60.3.0/24 B 170 100 64511 64515 64516 I unverified >10.2.0.2
查找使用 AS 64513 作为传输网络的路由。
user@R2> show route terse aspath-regex ".* 64513 .+" inet.0: 21 destinations, 21 routes (21 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden) + = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both A V Destination P Prf Metric 1 Metric 2 Next hop AS path * ? 10.40.1.0/24 B 170 100 64511 64513 64514 I unverified >10.2.0.2 * ? 10.40.2.0/24 B 170 100 64511 64513 64514 I unverified >10.2.0.2 * ? 10.40.3.0/24 B 170 100 64511 64513 64514 I unverified
含义
输出显示与指定的 AS 路径正则表达式匹配的路由表条目。
确保在设备 R6 上排除路由
目的
在设备 R6 上 show route and show route hidden ，使用命令确保从设备 R6 的路由表中排除源自 AS 64513 和 AS 64514 的路由。
行动
user@R6> show route 10.30.0/22 inet.0: 21 destinations, 21 routes (15 active, 0 holddown, 6 hidden)
user@R6> show route 10.40.0/22 inet.0: 21 destinations, 21 routes (15 active, 0 holddown, 6 hidden)
user@R6> show route hidden
inet.0: 21 destinations, 21 routes (15 active, 0 holddown, 6 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
10.30.1.0/24 [BGP ] 02:24:47, localpref 100
AS path: 64515 64511 64513 I, validation-state: unverified
> to 10.0.0.9 via fe-1/2/1.0
10.30.2.0/24 [BGP ] 02:24:47, localpref 100
AS path: 64515 64511 64513 I, validation-state: unverified
> to 10.0.0.9 via fe-1/2/1.0
10.30.3.0/24 [BGP ] 02:24:47, localpref 100
AS path: 64515 64511 64513 I, validation-state: unverified
> to 10.0.0.9 via fe-1/2/1.0
10.40.1.0/24 [BGP ] 02:24:47, localpref 100
AS path: 64515 64511 64513 64514 I, validation-state: unverified
> to 10.0.0.9 via fe-1/2/1.0
10.40.2.0/24 [BGP ] 02:24:47, localpref 100
AS path: 64515 64511 64513 64514 I, validation-state: unverified
> to 10.0.0.9 via fe-1/2/1.0
10.40.3.0/24 [BGP ] 02:24:47, localpref 100
AS path: 64515 64511 64513 64514 I, validation-state: unverified
> to 10.0.0.9 via fe-1/2/1.0含义
输出显示设备 R6 上 10.30.0/22 和 10.40.0/22 路由被拒绝。