为10、40和100千兆位以太网接口执行回传测试
针对10、40和100千兆位以太网接口使用回传测试的核对清单
用途
使用环回测试隔离10、40和100千兆位以太网接口问题。
操作
表 1提供使用10、40和100千兆位以太网接口的回传测试的链接和命令。
表 1: 针对10、40和100千兆位以太网接口使用回传测试的核对清单
Task | 命令或操作 |
---|---|
Diagnose a Suspected Hardware Problem with a Gigabit Ethernet Interface | |
将传输端口连接到接收端口。 | |
[edit interfaces interface-name (gigether-options)] | |
show interfaces (xe-fpc/pic/port | et-fpc/pic/port) | |
show interfaces (xe-fpc/pic/port | et-fpc/pic/port)[edit interfaces interface-name unit logical-unit-number family inet address address] | |
clear interfaces statistics xe-fpc/pic/port | et-fpc/pic/port | |
ping remote-IP-address bypass-routing interface (xe-fpc/pic/port | et-fpc/pic/port count 100 | |
show interfaces (xe-fpc/pic/port | et-fpc/pic/port ) extensive | |
Diagnose a Suspected Circuit Problem | 执行步骤2到步骤 8 Diagnose a Suspected Hardware Problem with a Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet Interface。 |
使用千兆位以太网接口诊断怀疑存在的硬件问题
问题
Description: 怀疑硬件问题时,请执行以下步骤以帮助验证是否存在问题。
解决方案
要诊断以太网接口的可疑硬件问题,请执行以下步骤:
创建回送
您可以创建物理回送或配置本地回传,以帮助诊断可疑硬件问题。建议创建物理回传,因为它允许您测试和验证传输端口和接收口。如果现场工程师不可用于创建物理回传,则可为接口配置本地回传。本地回传在物理接口卡(PIC)内部创建一个回送。
为光纤接口创建物理回传
操作
要在端口上创建物理回传,请使用已知良好的光纤电缆将传输端口连接到接收端口。
确保为单模式端口和多模端口使用单模式光纤。
含义
当您创建然后测试物理回传时,就是在测试 PIC 的传输端口。如果现场工程师为创建物理环路提供了更完整的 PIC 测试,则建议使用此操作。
配置本地回传
操作
要在不物理上将传输端口连接到接收端口的情况下配置本地环回,请执行以下步骤:
在配置模式下,转至以下层次结构级别:
[edit]user@router# edit interfaces interface-name gigether-options配置本地回传:
[edit interfaces interface-name gigether-optionsuser@router# set loopback验证配置:
user@router# show例如:
[edit interfaces xe-2/0/0 gigether-options]user@router# showloopback;提交更改:
user@router# commit例如:
[edit interfaces xe-2/0/0 gigether-options]user@router# commitcommit complete
创建本地回传时,将在所测试的接口上创建内部环路。本地回传会在该 PIC 上的内部循环通信。本地回传将测试 PIC 的互连,但不会测试传输和接收端口。在以太网接口上,不能创建远程回送,因此没有选择使用local or remote语句。只需将loopback语句包含在[edit interfaces interface-name gigether-options层次结构级别,即可将接口置于本地回传模式。
请记住在完成测试之后删除回传语句。
验证千兆位以太网接口是否 正常运行
用途
显示千兆位以太网接口的状态,以提供 确定物理链路是开启还是关闭所需的信息。
操作
要验证千兆位以太网接口的状态是否为 up,请使用以下 Junos OS 命令行界面(CLI)操作模式命令:
示例输出
user@router# show interfaces xe-2/0/0 extensive
Physical interface: xe-2/0/0, Enabled, Physical link is Up Interface index: 187, SNMP ifIndex: 591, Generation: 190 Link-level type: Ethernet, MTU: 1514, MRU: 1522, LAN-PHY mode, Speed: 10Gbps, BPDU Error: None, Loop Detect PDU Error: None, MAC-REWRITE Error: None, Loopback: Local, Source filtering: Disabled, Flow control: Enabled, Speed Configuration: Auto Pad to minimum frame size: Disabled Device flags : Present Running Loop-Detected Interface flags: SNMP-Traps Internal: 0x4000 Link flags : None CoS queues : 8 supported, 8 maximum usable queues Schedulers : 0 Hold-times : Up 4000 ms, Down 0 ms Damping : half-life: 0 sec, max-suppress: 0 sec, reuse: 0, suppress: 0, state: unsuppressed Current address: d8:18:d3:b3:6d:ea, Hardware address: d8:18:d3:b3:6d:ea Last flapped : 2019-04-20 17:13:55 PDT (13w4d 21:42 ago) Statistics last cleared: 2019-07-25 14:55:21 PDT (00:01:01 ago) Traffic statistics: Input bytes : 537600 0 bps Output bytes : 539600 0 bps Input packets: 6400 0 pps Output packets: 6400 0 pps IPv6 transit statistics: Input bytes : 0 Output bytes : 0 Input packets: 0 Output packets: 0 Dropped traffic statistics due to STP State: Input bytes : 0 Output bytes : 0 Input packets: 0 Output packets: 0 Input errors: Errors: 0, Drops: 0, Framing errors: 0, Runts: 0, Policed discards: 0, L3 incompletes: 0, L2 channel errors: 0, L2 mismatch timeouts: 0, FIFO errors: 0, Resource errors: 0 Output errors: Carrier transitions: 0, Errors: 0, Drops: 0, Collisions: 0, Aged packets: 0, FIFO errors: 0, HS link CRC errors: 0, MTU errors: 0, Resource errors: 0 Egress queues: 8 supported, 4 in use Queue counters: Queued packets Transmitted packets Dropped packets 0 6400 6400 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 Queue number: Mapped forwarding classes 0 best-effort 1 expedited-forwarding 2 assured-forwarding 3 network-control Active alarms : None Active defects : None PCS statistics Seconds Bit errors 0 Errored blocks 0 MAC statistics: Receive Transmit Total octets 652800 652800 Total packets 6400 6400 Unicast packets 6400 6400 Broadcast packets 0 0 Multicast packets 0 0 CRC/Align errors 0 0 FIFO errors 0 0 MAC control frames 0 0 MAC pause frames 0 0 Oversized frames 0 Jabber frames 0 Fragment frames 0 VLAN tagged frames 0 Code violations 0 Total errors 0 0 Filter statistics: Input packet count 6400 Input packet rejects 0 Input DA rejects 0 Input SA rejects 0 Output packet count 6400 Output packet pad count 0 Output packet error count 0 CAM destination filters: 0, CAM source filters: 0 Packet Forwarding Engine configuration: Destination slot: 0 (0x00) CoS information: Direction : Output CoS transmit queue Bandwidth Buffer Priority Limit % bps % usec 0 best-effort 95 9500000000 95 0 low none 3 network-control 5 500000000 5 0 low none Preclassifier statistics: Traffic Class Received Packets Transmitted Packets Dropped Packets real-time 0 0 0 network-control 6400 6400 0 best-effort 0 0 0 Link Degrade : Link Monitoring : Disable Interface transmit statistics: Disabled Logical interface xe-2/0/0.0 (Index 353) (SNMP ifIndex 599) (Generation 175) Flags: Up SNMP-Traps 0x4004000 Encapsulation: ENET2 Traffic statistics: Input bytes : 537600 Output bytes : 539000 Input packets: 6400 Output packets: 6400 Local statistics: Input bytes : 0 Output bytes : 9800 Input packets: 0 Output packets: 100 Transit statistics: Input bytes : 537600 0 bps Output bytes : 529200 0 bps Input packets: 6400 0 pps Output packets: 6300 0 pps Protocol inet, MTU: 1500 Max nh cache: 75000, New hold nh limit: 75000, Curr nh cnt: 1, Curr new hold cnt: 0, NH drop cnt: 0 Generation: 206, Route table: 0 Flags: Sendbcast-pkt-to-re Addresses, Flags: Is-Preferred Is-Primary Destination: 10.108.120.0/30, Local: 10.108.120.1, Broadcast: 10.108.120.3, Generation: 146 Protocol multiservice, MTU: Unlimited, Generation: 207, Route table: 0 Policer: Input: __default_arp_policer__
含义
示例输出显示链路已启动,并且此回传配置中没有报警。配置内部回传时,物理回传应该不会发出报警。
示例输出
当您看到物理链路停机时,可能是端口存在问题。以下输出是显示接口的一个示例fpc/pic/端口命令关闭物理链路时:
user@router> show interfaces et-3/0/1 Physical interface: et-3/0/1, Enabled, Physical link is Down Interface index: 620, SNMP ifIndex: 564 Link-level type: Ethernet, MTU: 1514, MRU: 1522, Speed: 40Gbps, BPDU Error: None, Loop Detect PDU Error: None, Loopback: Disabled, Source filtering: Disabled, Flow control: Enabled Pad to minimum frame size: Disabled Device flags : Present Running Down Interface flags: Hardware-Down SNMP-Traps Internal: 0x4000 Link flags : None CoS queues : 8 supported, 8 maximum usable queues Schedulers : 0 Current address: 54:e0:32:71:e3:e2, Hardware address: 54:e0:32:71:e3:e2 Last flapped : 2019-07-05 09:10:02 PDT (3d 14:46 ago) Input rate : 0 bps (0 pps) Output rate : 0 bps (0 pps) Active alarms : LINK Active defects : LINK, LOCAL-FAULT PCS statistics Seconds Bit errors 2 Errored blocks 6 Ethernet FEC Mode : NONE Ethernet FEC statistics Errors FEC Corrected Errors 0 FEC Uncorrected Errors 0 FEC Corrected Errors Rate 0 FEC Uncorrected Errors Rate 0 Interface transmit statistics: Disabled
含义
示例输出显示物理链路已关闭,并且存在活动报警和缺陷。
表 2为关闭的物理链路提供问题情况和操作。
表 2: 关闭的物理链路的问题和解决方案
出 | 操作 |
---|---|
电缆不匹配 | 验证光纤连接是否正确。 |
损坏和/或脏电缆 | 验证光纤能否成功环路相同类型的已知正常端口。 |
太多或太小的光衰减 | 根据 PIC 光学规格验证衰减是否正确。 |
传输端口不在每个规格的 dBm 光区间内传输 | 验证光学器件的 Tx power 是否在 PIC 光纤规格范围内。 |
电缆类型和端口之间不匹配 | 验证单模式光纤电缆是否连接到单模式接口,以及多模光纤电缆是否连接到多模接口。(此问题并不总是导致物理链路中断; 错误和丢弃的数据包有时会导致。) |
配置静态地址解析协议表条目
用途
配置静态地址解析协议(ARP)条目,以允许从可循环的以太网接口中发送数据包。
完成测试和监控的接口流量之后,在循环测试结束时卸下静态 ARP 条目。
操作
要配置千兆位以太网接口的静态 ARP 表条目,请执行以下步骤:
查找千兆位以太网接口的媒体访问控制(MAC)地址:
user@router# run show interfaces xe-2/0/0 extensive | match "Current address"
Current address: d8:18:d3:b3:6d:ea, Hardware address: d8:18:d3:b3:6d:ea
在配置模式下,转至以下层次结构级别:
[edit]user@router# edit interfaces interface-name unit logical-unit-number family inet address address配置静态 ARP 条目:
user@router# set arp ip-address mac mac-address提交配置:
user@router# commit验证是否已安装静态 ARP 条目:
[edit interfaces xe-2/0/0.0 unit 0 family inet address 10.108.120.1/30]user@router#run show arp no-resolveMAC Address Address Interface Flags 02:01:00:00:00:05 10.0.0.5 em1.0 none 00:00:5e:00:01:01 10.85.175.1 fxp0.0 none d8:b1:22:0a:6e:00 10.85.175.2 fxp0.0 none d0:07:ca:57:d7:a0 10.85.175.3 fxp0.0 none 00:a0:a5:c2:06:e2 10.85.175.4 fxp0.0 none d8:18:d3:b3:6d:ea 10.108.120.2 xe-2/0/0.0 permanent 02:01:00:00:00:05 128.0.0.5 em1.0 none 02:01:00:00:00:05 128.0.0.6 em1.0 none 02:00:00:00:00:10 128.0.0.16 em0.0 none 02:00:00:00:00:12 128.0.0.18 em0.0 none 02:00:00:00:00:17 128.0.0.23 em0.0 none 02:00:00:00:00:1a 128.0.0.26 em0.0 none Total entries: 12
含义
示例输出为步骤1至步骤6,显示已在千兆位以太网接口xe-2/0/0.0上配置静态 ARP 条目。
清除千兆位以太网接口统计数据
用途
您可以重置千兆位以太网接口统计。重置统计信息可提供干净的启动,以便以前的输入/输出错误和数据包统计数据不会影响当前诊断。
操作
要清除接口的所有统计信息,请使用以下 Junos OS CLI 操作模式命令:
示例输出
user@router> clear interfaces statistics xe-2/0/0
user@router>
含义
此命令仅清除千兆位以太网接口的接口统计数据计数器。
将千兆位以太网接口 Ping
用途
使用 ping 命令验证环回连接。
操作
要从以太网接口发送 ping 数据包,请使用以下 Junos OS CLI 操作模式命令:
示例输出
user@router> ping 10.108.120.2 bypass-routing
interface xe-2/0/0 count 100 rapid
ping 10.108.120.2 bypass-routing interface xe-2/0/0 count 100 rapid (snip) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 6a14 0 0000 36 01 15ba 10.108.120.1 10.108.120.2 36 bytes from 10.108.120.1: Redirect Host(New addr: 10.108.120.2) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 6a14 0 0000 35 01 16ba 10.108.120.1 10.108.120.2 36 bytes from 10.108.120.1: Time to live exceeded Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 6a14 0 0000 01 01 4aba 10.108.120.1 10.108.120.2 .36 bytes from 10.108.120.1: Time to live exceeded Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 6a76 0 0000 01 01 4a58 10.108.120.1 10.108.120.2 .36 bytes from 10.108.120.1: Time to live exceeded Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 6aa7 0 0000 01 01 4a27 10.108.120.1 10.108.120.2 .36 bytes from 10.108.120.1: Time to live exceeded Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 6ae3 0 0000 01 01 49eb 10.108.120.1 10.108.120.2 .36 bytes from 10.108.120.1: Time to live exceeded Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 6b0a 0 0000 01 01 49c4 10.108.120.1 10.108.120.2 .36 bytes from 10.108.120.1: Time to live exceeded
含义
示例输出显示生存时间(TTL)已过期,表示链路正在从 ping 测试接收帧。所用的 MAC 地址与所测试端口的物理地址相同,因为它允许端口接受来自 ping 测试的帧。随着数据包在链路上循环,您预期会收到每个发送的 ping 的 TLL 超出的消息。这些消息是由于 ping 数据包在路由器和物理回传之间反复循环而生成的。当数据包发送至链路的另一端(不存在)时,回传会将数据包返回到同一接口,再次用于路由的数据包转发引擎结构。路由查找之后,TTL 将减少,数据包将再次从循环的接口发送出去。此过程将重复执行,直到包装已丢失,或显示后续 TTL 过期消息 TLL。如果发生任何错误,数据包将被丢弃并显示超时错误,而不是预期的 TTL 过期消息。请注意,Junos OS 中的 ICMP echo 数据包的默认 TTL 是64。这意味着给定的测试数据包必须成功发送并收到63次,然后才能生成 TTL 到期消息。您可以更改 TTL 值以调整损失的容差,例如,255是最苛刻的测试,因为现在数据包必须发送并收到错误的免费254次。
检查千兆位以太网接口错误统计数据
用途
永久性接口错误统计信息表示您需要使用瞻博网络技术援助中心(JTAC)打开案例。
操作
要检查本地接口是否有错误统计信息,请使用以下 Junos OS CLI 操作模式命令:
示例输出
user@router> show interfaces xe-2/0/0 extensive
Physical interface: xe-2/0/0, Enabled, Physical link is Up Interface index: 187, SNMP ifIndex: 591, Generation: 190 Link-level type: Ethernet, MTU: 1514, MRU: 1522, LAN-PHY mode, Speed: 10Gbps, BPDU Error: None, Loop Detect PDU Error: None, MAC-REWRITE Error: None, Loopback: Local, Source filtering: Disabled, Flow control: Enabled, Speed Configuration: Auto Pad to minimum frame size: Disabled Device flags : Present Running Loop-Detected Interface flags: SNMP-Traps Internal: 0x4000 Link flags : None CoS queues : 8 supported, 8 maximum usable queues Schedulers : 0 Hold-times : Up 4000 ms, Down 0 ms Damping : half-life: 0 sec, max-suppress: 0 sec, reuse: 0, suppress: 0, state: unsuppressed Current address: d8:18:d3:b3:6d:ea, Hardware address: d8:18:d3:b3:6d:ea Last flapped : 2019-04-20 17:13:55 PDT (13w4d 21:40 ago) Statistics last cleared: 2019-07-25 14:49:21 PDT (00:04:41 ago) Traffic statistics: Input bytes : 537600 0 bps Output bytes : 539600 0 bps Input packets: 6400 0 pps Output packets: 6400 0 pps IPv6 transit statistics: Input bytes : 0 Output bytes : 0 Input packets: 0 Output packets: 0 Dropped traffic statistics due to STP State: Input bytes : 0 Output bytes : 0 Input packets: 0 Output packets: 0 Input errors: Errors: 0, Drops: 0, Framing errors: 0, Runts: 0, Policed discards: 0, L3 incompletes: 0, L2 channel errors: 0, L2 mismatch timeouts: 0, FIFO errors: 0, Resource errors: 0 Output errors: Carrier transitions: 0, Errors: 0, Drops: 0, Collisions: 0, Aged packets: 0, FIFO errors: 0, HS link CRC errors: 0, MTU errors: 0, Resource errors: 0 Egress queues: 8 supported, 4 in use Queue counters: Queued packets Transmitted packets Dropped packets 0 6400 6400 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 Queue number: Mapped forwarding classes 0 best-effort 1 expedited-forwarding 2 assured-forwarding 3 network-control Active alarms : None Active defects : None PCS statistics Seconds Bit errors 0 Errored blocks 0 MAC statistics: Receive Transmit Total octets 652800 652800 Total packets 6400 6400 Unicast packets 6400 6400 Broadcast packets 0 0 Multicast packets 0 0 CRC/Align errors 0 0 FIFO errors 0 0 MAC control frames 0 0 MAC pause frames 0 0 Oversized frames 0 Jabber frames 0 Fragment frames 0 VLAN tagged frames 0 Code violations 0 Total errors 0 0 Filter statistics: Input packet count 6400 Input packet rejects 0 Input DA rejects 0 Input SA rejects 0 Output packet count 6400 Output packet pad count 0 Output packet error count 0 CAM destination filters: 0, CAM source filters: 0 Packet Forwarding Engine configuration: Destination slot: 0 (0x00) CoS information: Direction : Output CoS transmit queue Bandwidth Buffer Priority Limit % bps % usec 0 best-effort 95 9500000000 95 0 low none 3 network-control 5 500000000 5 0 low none Preclassifier statistics: Traffic Class Received Packets Transmitted Packets Dropped Packets real-time 0 0 0 network-control 6400 6400 0 best-effort 0 0 0 Link Degrade : Link Monitoring : Disable Interface transmit statistics: Disabled Logical interface xe-2/0/0.0 (Index 353) (SNMP ifIndex 599) (Generation 175) Flags: Up SNMP-Traps 0x4004000 Encapsulation: ENET2 Traffic statistics: Input bytes : 537600 Output bytes : 539000 Input packets: 6400 Output packets: 6400 Local statistics: Input bytes : 0 Output bytes : 9800 Input packets: 0 Output packets: 100 Transit statistics: Input bytes : 537600 0 bps Output bytes : 529200 0 bps Input packets: 6400 0 pps Output packets: 6300 0 pps Protocol inet, MTU: 1500 Max nh cache: 75000, New hold nh limit: 75000, Curr nh cnt: 1, Curr new hold cnt: 0, NH drop cnt: 0 Generation: 206, Route table: 0 Flags: Sendbcast-pkt-to-re Addresses, Flags: Is-Preferred Is-Primary Destination: 10.108.120.0/30, Local: 10.108.120.1, Broadcast: 10.108.120.3, Generation: 146 Protocol multiservice, MTU: Unlimited, Generation: 207, Route table: 0 Policer: Input: __default_arp_policer__
含义
检查是否存在任何错误统计信息。不应有任何输入或输出错误。如果存在任何持续输入或输出错误,请在上或 1-888-314-JTAC (美国境内)或1-408-745-9500 ( support@juniper.net美国境外)上的瞻博网络网络技术援助中心(JTAC)打开一个案例。
诊断怀疑存在的电路问题
用途
怀疑电路问题时,务必与传输层工程师一起解决问题。传输层工程师可以从网络中的不同点创建到路由器的环路。然后,您可以执行测试以验证从路由器到网络中的环回的连接。
操作
传输层工程师从网络创建到路由器的环路后,必须验证从路由器到网络中的回传的连接。按照第2步至第8步Diagnose a Suspected Hardware Problem with a Gigabit Ethernet Interface。请记住,在测试中遇到的任何问题都表示从路由器到网络中的回送的连接存在问题。
通过在网络中的各个点执行测试回传,您可以隔离问题的根源。
本文档适用于1Gb、10Gb、40Gb 和100Gb 接口。