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Installing cRPD on Kubernetes

Kubernetes is a open-source platform for managing containerized workloads and services. Containers are a good way to bundle and run the applications. In a production environment, you need to manage the containers that run the applications and ensure that there is no downtime. For example, if a container goes down, another container needs to start. Kubernetes provides you with a framework to run distributed systems resiliently. Kubernetes provides a platform for deployment automation, scaling, and operations of application containers across clusters of host containers.

Prerequisite

Install Kubernetes on Linux system and also to deploy Kubernetes on a two-node Linux cluster, see Kubernetes Installation.

When you deploy Kubernetes, you get a cluster. A Kubernetes cluster consists of a set of worker machines, called nodes, that run containerized applications. Every cluster has at least one worker node. The worker node(s) host the pods that are the components of the application.

This section outlines the steps to create the cRPD Docker image on Kubernetes.

Installing Kubernetes

To install Kubernetes:

  1. Login as root user.
  2. Download and install the software.
  3. Start Kubernetes.

Kubernetes Cluster

Kubernetes coordinates a cluster of computers that are connected to work as a single unit. Kubernetes automates the deployment and scheduling of cRPD across a cluster in an efficient way.

A Kubernetes cluster consists of two types of resources:

  • The Primary coordinates the cluster

  • Nodes are the workers that run applications

The Primary is responsible for managing the cluster. The primary coordinates all activities in your cluster, such as scheduling applications, maintaining applications' desired state, scaling applications, and rolling out new updates.

A node is a VM or a physical computer that serves as a worker machine in a Kubernetes cluster. Each node has a Kubelet, which is an agent for managing the node and communicating with the Kubernetes master. The node should also have tools for handling container operations, such as Docker or rkt. A Kubernetes cluster that handles production traffic should have a minimum of three nodes.

When you deploy cRPD on Kubernetes, the primary starts the application containers. The primary schedules the containers to run on the cluster's nodes. The nodes communicate with the primary using the Kubernetes API, which the primary exposes. End users can also use the Kubernetes API directly to interact with the cluster.

A Pod always runs on a Node. A Node is a worker machine in Kubernetes and may be either a virtual or a physical machine, depending on the cluster. Each Node is managed by the Primary. A Node can have multiple pods, and the Kubernetes master automatically handles scheduling the pods across the Nodes in the cluster.

Every Kubernetes Node runs at least:

  • Kubelet, a process responsible for communication between the Kubernetes Master and the Node; it manages the Pods and the containers running on a machine.

  • A container runtime (like Docker, rkt) responsible for pulling the container image from a registry, unpacking the container, and running the application.

To create minikube cluster:

  1. Run the following command to verify the minikube version:
  2. Run the following command to start the cluster:
  3. Run the following command to verify if kubectl is installed:
  4. Run the following command to view the cluster details:
  5. Run the following command to view the nodes in the cluster:

Download cRPD Docker Image

Prerequisites

  • Before you import the cRPD software, ensure that Docker is installed on the Linux host and that the Docker Engine is running.

  • Ensure to register with Juniper Support before you download the cRPD software.

To download the docker image:

  1. Log in to the Juniper Internal Docker registry using the login name and password that you received as part of the sales fulfillment process when ordering cRPD.
    1. Create the file -passwd.txt and copy the access token excluding the quotes provided by Juniper customer care team.
    2. Login to enterprise hub using the following command:
      root@ubuntu-vm18$ cat passwd.txt | docker login -u"<registered-email-id>" --password-stdin enterprise-hub.juniper.net:443

      For example, root@ubuntu-vm18$ cat passwd.txt | docker login -u user@domain.com --password-stdin enterprise-hub.juniper.net:443

  2. Pull the docker image from the download site using the following command:

    root@dc-rpd-01# docker pull enterprise-hub.juniper.net:443/crpd-docker-prod/crpd:<release tag>

    For example,

    root@ubuntu-vm18:~# docker pull enterprise-hub.juniper.net:443/crpd-docker-prod/crpd:22.3R1

  3. Verify images in docker image repository.

    root@dc-rpd-01# docker images

Creating a cRPD Pod using Deployment

A Kubernetes Pod is a group of one or more Containers, tied together for the purposes of administration and networking. A Kubernetes Deployment checks on the health of your Pod and restarts the Pod’s Container if it terminates. Deployments are the recommended way to manage the creation and scaling of Pods.

When you describe a desired state in a Deployment, and the Deployment Controller changes the actual state to the desired state. You can define Deployments to create new ReplicaSets, or to remove existing Deployments and adopt all their resources with new Deployments.

  1. Create the crpd.yaml file on Kubernetes-master and add the following text content:
  2. Save the crpd.yaml file to create the cRPD Pod.

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl create -f crpd.yaml

  3. Run the following command to view the list of existing Pods:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl get pods

  4. Run the following command to view what containers are inside that Pod and what images are used to build the containers:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl describe pod crpd

Creating a cRPD Pod using YAML

A Pod is the basic execution unit of a Kubernetes application–the smallest and simplest unit in the Kubernetes object model that you create or deploy. A Pod represents a unit of deployment: a single instance of an application in Kubernetes, which might consist of either a single container or a small number of containers that are tightly coupled and that share resources. Docker is the most common container runtime used in a Kubernetes Pod.

You can directly create a Pod or indirectly using a Controller in Kubernetes. A Controller can create and manage multiple Pods. Controllers use a Pod template that you provide to create the Pods. Pod templates are pod specifications which are included in other objects, such as Replication Controllers, Jobs, and DaemonSets.

To create the cRPD pod using the YAML file

  1. Create the crpd.yaml file on Kubernetes-master add the following text content:
  2. Save the crpd.yaml file to create the crpd Pod.

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl create -f crpd.yaml

  3. Run the following command to view the list of existing Pods:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl get pods

  4. Run the following command to view what containers are inside that Pod and what images are used to build the containers:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl describe pod crpd

  5. Run the following command to provide an interactive CLI inside the running container:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl exec -it crpd cliHere you are running a pod with the name crpd and connect to the command line mode.

  6. Run the following command to view the routes:

    root@crpd:/> show route

Each Pod is meant to run a single instance of a given application. If you want to scale your application horizontally (e.g., run multiple instances), you should use multiple Pods, one for each instance. In Kubernetes, this is generally referred to as replication.

See Also

Creating a cRPD Pod using Job Resource

A Job creates one or more Pods and will continue to retry execution of the Pods until a specified number of them successfully terminate. When a specified number of successful completions is reached, the task is complete. You can also use a Job to run multiple Pods in parallel. Deleting a Job will clean up the Pods it created. Suspending a Job will delete its active Pods until the Job is resumed again. To create the cRPD Pod using the crpd_job.yaml file:

  1. Create the crpd_job.yaml file on work nodes and add the following text content:
  2. Save the crpd_job.yaml file to create the crpd Pod.

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl create -f crpd_job.yaml

  3. Run the following command to view the list of existing Pods:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl get pods

  4. Run the following command to view what containers are inside that Pod and what images are used to build the containers:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl describe job/crpdjob

Creating a cRPD Pod using DaemonSet

DaemonSet ensures that all (or some) Nodes run a copy of a Pod. As nodes are added to the cluster, Pods are added to them. As nodes are removed from the cluster, those Pods are garbage collected. Deleting a DaemonSet will clean up the Pods it created.

Creating the cRPD pod using the crpd_daemonset.yaml file

  1. Create the crpd_daemonset.yaml file on work nodes and add the following text content:
  2. Save the da1.yaml file to create the crpd Pod.

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl create -f crpd_daemonset.yaml

  3. Run the following command to view the list of existing Pods:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl get pods

  4. Run the following command to view what containers are inside that Pod and what images are used to build the containers:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl describe pod crpd

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl describe pod crpd-5fc4fd79df-xr8f5

Each Pod is meant to run a single instance of a given application. If you want to scale your application horizontally (e.g., run multiple instances), you should use multiple Pods, one for each instance. In Kubernetes, this is generally referred to as replication.

See Also

Scaling of cRPD

You can create multiple instances of cRPD based on the demand using the –replicas parameter for the kubectl run command. Deployment is an object which can own and manage their ReplicaSets.

We should have one pod existing before scaling.

To scale up:

  1. Create the Pod.

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl create -f crpd_replicatset.yaml

  2. Create the crpd_replicaSet.yaml file on Kubernetes-master add the following text content:
  3. Run the following command to view the Pods:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl get pods

  4. Run the following command to scale the Deployment to 4 replicas:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl scale deployments crpdref --replicas=4

  5. Run the following command to list the deployments:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl get deployments

  6. Run the following command to check the number of pods changed:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl get pods -o wide

  7. Run the following command to check the details of the Pods:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl describe pods

To scale down:

  1. Run the following command to scale down the Service to 2 replicas:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl scale deployments crpdref --replicas=2

  2. Run the following command to list the deployments:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl get deployments

  3. Run the following command to list the number of Pods. You can view the 2 Pods were terminated:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl get pods -o wide

Rolling Update of cRPD Deployment

You can update Pod instances with new versions. Rolling updates allow Deployments' update to take place with zero downtime by incrementally updating Pods instances with new ones. The new Pods are scheduled on Nodes with available resources. Rollback updates promotes an application from one environment to another with continuous integration and continuous delivery of applications with zero downtime. In Kubernetes, updates are versioned and any Deployment update can be reverted to previous stable version.

To update cRPD deployment with new image and preserve the configuration after update:

  1. Create the cRPD Pod.

    root@crpd-01:~# kubectl kubectl create -f crpd_deploy.yaml

  2. Create the crpd_deploy.yaml file on Kubernetes-master add the following text content:
  3. Run the following command to list the deployments:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl get deployments

  4. Run the following command to list the running pods:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl get pods

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl get pods -o wide

  5. Run the following command to view the current image version of the cRPD:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl exec -it crpd-deploy4-674b4fcfb5-8xc5d -- cli

  6. Run the following command to view the current image version:

    root@crpd-deploy4-674b4fcfb5-8xc5d> show version

  7. Run the following command to update the image of the application to new version:

    root@crpd-deploy4-674b4fcfb5-8xc5d:~$ sudo kubectl edit deployment/crpd-deploy4

  8. Run the following command to confirm if the image is updated:

    root@crpd-deploy4-674b4fcfb5-8xc5d:~$ sudo kubectl rollout status deployment/crpd-deploy4

  9. Run the following command to view the Pods:

    root@crpd-deploy4-674b4fcfb5-8xc5d> kubectl get pods

  10. Run the following command to view the image version of the cRPD:

    root@kubernetes-master:~$ sudo kubectl exec -it crpd-deploy4-6ff476994d-8z2kr -- bash

  11. Run the following command to view the current image version:

    root@crpd-deploy4-6ff476994d-8z2kr> show version

cRPD Pod Deployment with Allocated Resources

Pods provide two kinds of shared resources namely networking and storage for the containers. When containers in a Pod communicate with entities outside the Pod, they must coordinate how they use the shared network resources (such as ports). Within a Pod, containers communicate through localhostusing an IP address and port.

Containers within the Pod view the system hostname as same as the configured name for the Pod.

Any container in a Pod can enable privileged mode, using the privileged flag on the container spec. This is useful for containers that use operating system administrative capabilities such as manipulating the network stack or accessing hardware devices. Processes within a privileged container get almost the same privileges that are available to processes outside a container.

To view the Pod deployment with resources:

  1. Create the crpd_res.yaml file on Kubernetes-master add the following text content:
  2. Save the crpd_res.yaml file to create the crpd Pod.

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl create -f crpd_res.yaml

  3. Run the following command to view the list of existing Pods:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl get pods

  4. Run the following command to view what containers are inside that Pod and what images are used to build the containers:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl describe pod crpres

cRPD Pod Deployment using Mounted Volume

An emptyDir is one among the several types of volumes supported on K8s and is first created when a Pod is assigned to a node, and exists as long as that Pod is running on that node. As the name says, the emptyDir volume is initially empty. All containers in the Pod can read and write the same files in the emptyDir volume, though that volume can be mounted at the same or different paths in each container. When a Pod is removed from a node for any reason, the data in the emptyDir is deleted permanently.

To view cRPD Pod deployment by mounting the storage path on Kubernetes:

  1. Create the crpd_volume.yaml file on Kubernetes-master add the following text content:
  2. Save the crpd_volume.yaml file to create the crpd Pod.

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl create -f crpd_volume.yaml

  3. Run the following command to view the list of existing Pods:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl get pods

  4. Run the following command to view what containers are inside that Pod and what images are used to build the containers:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl describe pod crpd-volume

  5. Run the following command to execute the cRPD instance:

    root@kubernetes-master:~# kubectl exec -it crpd-volume bash

  6. Run the following command to view the files in the path:

    root@crpd-volume:/# ls

  7. Run the following command to navigate to the storage path:

    root@crpd-volume:/# cd var/log/crpd-storage/

    root@crpd-volume:/var/log/crpd-storage/#