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System Log Messages Overview

The JUNOS software generates system log messages to record events that occur on the Services Router, including the following:

Routine operations, such as creation of an Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol adjacency or a user login into the configuration database
Failure and error conditions, such as failure to access a configuration file or unexpected closure of a connection to a child or peer process
Emergency or critical conditions, such as router power-off due to excessive temperature

The JUNOS system logging utility is similar to the UNIX syslogd utility. Each system log message identifies the software process that generated the message and briefly describes the operation or error that occurred.

Reboot requests are recorded to the system log files, which you can view with the show log command. Also, you can view the names of any processes running on your system with the show system processes command.

System Log Message Destinations

You can send system logging information to one or more destinations. The destinations can be one or more files, one or more remote hosts, the terminals of one or more users if they are logged in, and the system console.

To direct messages to a named file in a local file system, see Sending System Log Messages to a File.
To direct messages to the terminal session of one or more specific users (or all users) when they are logged into the router, see Sending System Log Messages to a User Terminal.
To direct messages to the router console, see the JUNOS System Log Messages Reference.
To direct messages to a remote machine that is running the UNIX syslogd utility, see the JUNOS System Log Messages Reference.

System Log Facilities and Severity Levels

When specifying the destination for system log messages, you can specify the class (facility) of messages to log and the minimum severity level (level) of the message for each location.

Each system log message belongs to a facility, which is a group of messages that are either generated by the same software process or concern a similar condition or activity.

Table 78 lists the system logging facilities, and Table 79 lists the system logging severity levels. For more information about system log messages, see the JUNOS System Log Messages Reference.

Table 78: System Logging Facilities

Facility	Description
any	Any facility
authorization	Any authorization attempt
change-log	Any change to the configuration
cron	Cron scheduling process
daemon	Various system processes
interactive-commands	Commands executed in the CLI
kernel	Messages generated by the JUNOS kernel
user	Messages from random user processes

Table 79: System Logging Severity Levels

Severity Level (from Highest to Lowest Severity)	Description
emergency	System panic or other conditions that cause the routing platform to stop functioning.
alert	Conditions that must be corrected immediately, such as a corrupted system database.
critical	Critical conditions, such as hard drive errors.
error	Standard error conditions that generally have less serious consequences than errors in the emergency, alert, and critical levels.
warning	Conditions that warrant monitoring.
notice	Conditions that are not error conditions but are of interest or might warrant special handling.
info	Informational messages. This is the default.
debug	Software debugging messages.

Regular Expressions

On the J-Web View Events page, you can use regular expressions to filter and display a set of messages for viewing. JUNOS supports POSIX Standard 1003.2 for extended (modern) UNIX regular expressions.

Table 80 specifies some of the commonly used regular expression operators and the terms matched by them. A term can match either a single alphanumeric character or a set of characters enclosed in square brackets, parentheses, or braces. For information about how to use regular expression to filter sytem log messages, see Filtering System Log Messages.

On the J-Web View Events page, the regular expression matching is case-sensitive.

Table 80: Common Regular Expression Operators and the Terms They Match

Regular Expression Operator	Matching Terms
. (period)	One instance of any character except the space. For example, .in matches messages with win or windows.
* (asterisk)	Zero or more instances of the immediately preceding term. For example, tre* matches messages with tree, tread or trough.
+ (plus sign)	One or more instances of the immediately preceding term. For example, tre+ matches messages with tree or tread but not trough.
? (question mark)	Zero or one instance of the immediately preceding term. For example, colou?r matches messages with or color or colour.
\| (pipe)	One of the terms that appear on either side of the pipe operator. For example, gre\|ay matches messages with either grey or gray.
! (exclamation point)	Any string except the one specified by the expression, when the exclamation point appears at the start of the expression. Use of the exclamation point is specific to JUNOS.
^ (caret)	The start of a line, when the caret appears outside square brackets. For example, ^T matches messages with This line and not with On this line.
$ (dollar sign)	Strings at the end of a line. For example, :$ matches messages with the following: and not with 2:00.
[] (paired square brackets)	One instance of one of the enclosed alphanumeric characters. To indicate a range of characters, use a hyphen (-) to separate the beginning and ending characters of the range. For example, [0-9] matches messages with any number.
() (paired parentheses)	One instance of the evaluated value of the enclosed term. Parentheses are used to indicate the order of evaluation in the regular expression. For example, dev(/\|ice) matches messages with dev/ or device.

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