Vecinos descubiertos automáticamente por el BGP
SUMMARY Utilice un vecino descubierto automáticamente del BGP para configurar el emparejamiento del BGP por interfaz en lugar de especificar direcciones IP de vecinos remotos o locales.
Descripción del vecino descubierto automáticamente del BGP
SUMMARY Utilice un vecino descubierto automáticamente por el BGP para configurar el emparejamiento del BGP por interfaz en lugar de especificar direcciones IP de vecinos remotos o locales.
Para establecer una sesión de BGP entre enrutadores, debe configurar explícitamente grupos y pares de BGP por dirección. Las sesiones de emparejamiento del BGP requieren que identifique las direcciones IP de origen y destino de los puntos de conexión de la comunicación TCP. Por lo tanto, configurar explícitamente estas direcciones es un obstáculo para la escalabilidad horizontal de la red y una oportunidad para la configuración errónea.
Para optimizar su configuración del BGP, eliminamos la necesidad de configurar la dirección por par del BGP. Utilice un vecino descubierto automáticamente por el BGP para configurar el emparejamiento del BGP por interfaz en lugar de especificar direcciones IP de vecinos remotos o locales. Esto incluye el uso de mecanismos implícitos o de protocolo para descubrir las direcciones IP que se usarán en las sesiones de emparejamiento TCP.
El comportamiento de emparejamiento y el uso de direcciones deben configurarse explícitamente para evitar cambios de emparejamiento basados en la dirección de interfaz cambios debidos a la configuración o la validez de dirección (por ejemplo, detección de direcciones duplicadas IPv6 (DAD)).
El BGP determina las familias de direcciones que se emparejan según la configuración. Las sesiones de emparejamiento se presentan según la disponibilidad de las direcciones de interfaz para las familias determinadas. La dirección local del vínculo par se descubre mediante el descubrimiento de vecino IPv6 (RFC4861) y crea una sesión de BGP hacia ese vecino. Se genera una dirección local de vínculo incluso cuando las interfaces IPv6 no tienen direcciones configuradas.
Debe habilitar el descubrimiento de vecinos IPv6 para que esta función funcione.
Beneficios de BGP Vecino descubierto automáticamente
-
Simplifica el despliegue de IGP a un BGP externo de un solo salto (EBGP)
-
Configura a los vecinos por interfaces y rangos de interfaz en lugar de por direcciones IP
-
Minimiza la configuración en ambos lados con grupos de vecinos dinámicos
Ejemplo: Configurar vecino descubierto automáticamente del BGP
SUMMARY En este ejemplo, se muestra cómo configurar el BGP vecino descubierto automáticamente.
Descripción general
A partir de Junos OS versión 21.1R1, apoyamos a los vecinos descubiertos automáticamente por BGP mediante el protocolo de descubrimiento de vecinos (ND) IPv6. Esta función permite que el BGP cree sesiones de pares de vecinos mediante el uso de direcciones IPv6 de vínculos locales de enrutadores vecinos directamente conectados. No es necesario especificar direcciones IP de vecinos remotos o locales.
Topología
En la siguiente figura, se muestra una topología de ejemplo simplificada.
Requisitos
En este ejemplo, se utilizan los siguientes componentes de hardware y software:
enrutadores serie MX
Junos OS versión 21.1R1 o posterior
Configuración
Configuración rápida de CLI
Para configurar rápidamente este ejemplo, copie los siguientes comandos, péguelos en un archivo de texto, elimine los saltos de línea, cambie los detalles necesarios para que coincidan con su configuración de red y, luego, copie y pegue los comandos en la CLI en el nivel de jerarquía [edit].
VM1
set interfaces interface-range tor-to-leaf member ge-0/0/4 set interfaces interface-range tor-to-leaf unit 0 family inet6 set interfaces ge-0/0/4 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.1.1/24 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.30.1/32 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet6 address 2001:db8:70::1/128 set policy-options policy-statement DIRECT-RTS from protocol direct set policy-options policy-statement DIRECT-RTS then accept set policy-options policy-statement lb then load-balance per-packet set policy-options as-list a-list members 1-65535 set routing-options autonomous-system 64500 set routing-options forwarding-table export lb set routing-options forwarding-table ecmp-fast-reroute set protocols router-advertisement interface tor-to-leaf set protocols bgp group autodisc family inet unicast extended-nexthop set protocols bgp group autodisc family inet6 unicast set protocols bgp group autodisc export DIRECT-RTS set protocols bgp group autodisc multipath multiple-as set protocols bgp group autodisc dynamic-neighbor ndp peer-auto-discovery family inet6 ipv6-nd set protocols bgp group autodisc dynamic-neighbor ndp peer-auto-discovery interface tor-to-leaf set protocols bgp group autodisc peer-as-list a-list set protocols bgp group to-leaf-v4 family inet unicast extended-nexthop set protocols bgp group to-leaf-v4 export DIRECT-RTS set protocols bgp group to-leaf-v4 local-as 64500 set protocols bgp group to-leaf-v4 neighbor 192.168.1.2 peer-as 64496
VM2
set interfaces interface-range tor-to-leaf member ge-0/0/4 set interfaces interface-range tor-to-leaf unit 0 family inet6 set interfaces ge-0/0/4 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.2.1/24 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.30.2/32 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet6 address 2001:db8:60::1/128 set policy-options policy-statement DIRECT-RTS from protocol direct set policy-options policy-statement DIRECT-RTS then accept set policy-options policy-statement lb then load-balance per-packet set policy-options as-list a-list members 1-65535 set routing-options autonomous-system 64501 set routing-options forwarding-table export lb set routing-options forwarding-table ecmp-fast-reroute set protocols router-advertisement interface tor-to-leaf set protocols bgp group autodisc family inet unicast extended-nexthop set protocols bgp group autodisc family inet6 unicast set protocols bgp group autodisc export DIRECT-RTS set protocols bgp group autodisc multipath multiple-as set protocols bgp group autodisc dynamic-neighbor ndp peer-auto-discovery family inet6 ipv6-nd set protocols bgp group autodisc dynamic-neighbor ndp peer-auto-discovery interface tor-to-leaf set protocols bgp group autodisc peer-as-list a-list set protocols bgp group to-leaf-v4 family inet unicast extended-nexthop set protocols bgp group to-leaf-v4 export DIRECT-RTS set protocols bgp group to-leaf-v4 local-as 64501 set protocols bgp group to-leaf-v4 neighbor 192.168.2.2 peer-as 64497
Hoja 1
set interfaces interface-range to-spine member "ge-0/0/[0-4]" set interfaces interface-range to-spine unit 0 family inet set interfaces interface-range to-spine unit 0 family inet6 set interfaces ge-0/0/4 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.1.2/24 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.10.1/32 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet6 address 2001:db8:90::1/128 set policy-options policy-statement DIRECT-RTS from protocol direct set policy-options policy-statement DIRECT-RTS then accept set policy-options policy-statement lb then load-balance per-packet set policy-options as-list a-list members 1-65535 set routing-options autonomous-system 64496 set routing-options forwarding-table export lb set routing-options forwarding-table ecmp-fast-reroute set protocols router-advertisement interface to-spine max-advertisement-interval 9 set protocols router-advertisement interface to-spine min-advertisement-interval 3 set protocols bgp group autodisc family inet unicast extended-nexthop set protocols bgp group autodisc family inet6 unicast set protocols bgp group autodisc export DIRECT-RTS set protocols bgp group autodisc multipath multiple-as set protocols bgp group autodisc dynamic-neighbor ndp peer-auto-discovery family inet6 ipv6-nd set protocols bgp group autodisc dynamic-neighbor ndp peer-auto-discovery interface to-spine set protocols bgp group autodisc peer-as-list a-list set protocols bgp group to-crpd-v4 family inet unicast extended-nexthop set protocols bgp group to-crpd-v4 export DIRECT-RTS set protocols bgp group to-crpd-v4 neighbor 192.168.1.1 peer-as 64500
Hoja 2
set interfaces interface-range to-spine member "ge-0/0/[0-4]" set interfaces interface-range to-spine unit 0 family inet set interfaces interface-range to-spine unit 0 family inet6 set interfaces ge-0/0/4 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.2.2/24 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.10.2/32 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet6 address 2001:db8:90::2/128 set policy-options policy-statement DIRECT-RTS from protocol direct set policy-options policy-statement DIRECT-RTS then accept set policy-options policy-statement lb then load-balance per-packet set policy-options as-list a-list members 1-65535 set routing-options autonomous-system 64497 set routing-options forwarding-table export lb set routing-options forwarding-table ecmp-fast-reroute set protocols router-advertisement interface to-spine max-advertisement-interval 9 set protocols router-advertisement interface to-spine min-advertisement-interval 3 set protocols bgp group autodisc family inet unicast extended-nexthop set protocols bgp group autodisc family inet6 unicast set protocols bgp group autodisc export DIRECT-RTS set protocols bgp group autodisc multipath multiple-as set protocols bgp group autodisc dynamic-neighbor ndp peer-auto-discovery family inet6 ipv6-nd set protocols bgp group autodisc dynamic-neighbor ndp peer-auto-discovery interface to-spine set protocols bgp group autodisc peer-as-list a-list set protocols bgp group to-crpd-v4 family inet unicast extended-nexthop set protocols bgp group to-crpd-v4 export DIRECT-RTS set protocols bgp group to-crpd-v4 neighbor 192.168.2.1 peer-as 64501
Spine 1
set interfaces interface-range to-leaf member "ge-0/0/[0-3]" set interfaces interface-range to-leaf unit 0 family inet set interfaces interface-range to-leaf unit 0 family inet6 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.20.1/32 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet6 address 2001:db8:80::1/128 set policy-options policy-statement DIRECT-RTS from protocol direct set policy-options policy-statement DIRECT-RTS then accept set policy-options policy-statement lb then load-balance per-packet set policy-options as-list a-list members 1-65535 set routing-options autonomous-system 64498 set routing-options forwarding-table export lb set routing-options forwarding-table ecmp-fast-reroute set protocols router-advertisement interface to-leaf max-advertisement-interval 9 set protocols router-advertisement interface to-leaf min-advertisement-interval 3 set protocols bgp group autodisc family inet unicast extended-nexthop set protocols bgp group autodisc family inet6 unicast set protocols bgp group autodisc export DIRECT-RTS set protocols bgp group autodisc multipath multiple-as set protocols bgp group autodisc dynamic-neighbor ndp peer-auto-discovery family inet6 ipv6-nd set protocols bgp group autodisc dynamic-neighbor ndp peer-auto-discovery interface to-leaf set protocols bgp group autodisc peer-as-list a-list
Spine 2
set interfaces interface-range to-leaf member "ge-0/0/[0-3]" set interfaces interface-range to-leaf unit 0 family inet set interfaces interface-range to-leaf unit 0 family inet6 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.20.2/32 set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet6 address 2001:db8:80::2/128 set policy-options policy-statement DIRECT-RTS from protocol direct set policy-options policy-statement DIRECT-RTS then accept set policy-options policy-statement lb then load-balance per-packet set policy-options as-list a-list members 1-65535 set routing-options autonomous-system 64499 set routing-options forwarding-table export lb set routing-options forwarding-table ecmp-fast-reroute set protocols router-advertisement interface to-leaf max-advertisement-interval 9 set protocols router-advertisement interface to-leaf min-advertisement-interval 3 set protocols bgp group autodisc family inet unicast extended-nexthop set protocols bgp group autodisc family inet6 unicast set protocols bgp group autodisc export DIRECT-RTS set protocols bgp group autodisc multipath multiple-as set protocols bgp group autodisc dynamic-neighbor ndp peer-auto-discovery family inet6 ipv6-nd set protocols bgp group autodisc dynamic-neighbor ndp peer-auto-discovery interface to-leaf set protocols bgp group autodisc peer-as-list a-list
Configuración de VM1
Para configurar un vecino descubierto automáticamente del BGP, realice los siguientes pasos en VM1:
-
Configure las interfaces del dispositivo.
user@VM1# set interfaces interface-range tor-to-leaf member ge-0/0/4 user@VM1# set interfaces interface-range tor-to-leaf unit 0 family inet6
-
Cree la interfaz de circuito cerrado y configure la dirección IP.
user@VM1# set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 192.168.30.1/32 user@VM1# set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet6 address 2001:db8:70::1/128
-
Habilite las políticas de enrutamiento.
user@VM1# set policy-options policy-statement DIRECT-RTS from protocol direct user@VM1# set policy-options policy-statement DIRECT-RTS then accept user@VM1# set policy-options policy-statement lb then load-balance per-packet user@VM1# set policy-options as-list a-list members 1-65535
-
Configurar el número de sistema autónomo (AS)
user@VM1# set routing-options autonomous-system 64500
-
Aplique la política por paquete para habilitar el equilibrio de carga del tráfico y el ECMP.
user@VM1# set routing-options forwarding-table export lb user@VM1# set routing-options forwarding-table ecmp-fast-reroute
-
Configure el BGP para establecer sesiones de emparejamiento internos y externos.
user@VM1# set protocols bgp group autodisc family inet unicast extended-nexthop user@VM1# set protocols bgp group autodisc family inet6 unicast user@VM1# set protocols bgp group autodisc export DIRECT-RTS user@VM1# set protocols bgp group autodisc multipath multiple-as user@VM1# set protocols bgp group autodisc dynamic-neighbor ndp peer-auto-discovery family inet6 ipv6-nd user@VM1# set protocols bgp group autodisc dynamic-neighbor ndp peer-auto-discovery interface tor-to-leaf user@VM1# set protocols bgp group autodisc peer-as-list a-list user@VM1# set protocols bgp group to-leaf-v4 family inet unicast extended-nexthop user@VM1# set protocols bgp group to-leaf-v4 export DIRECT-RTS user@VM1# set protocols bgp group to-leaf-v4 local-as 5 user@VM1# set protocols bgp group to-leaf-v4 neighbor 192.168.1.2 peer-as 1
-
Si ha terminado de configurar el dispositivo, confirme la configuración.
user@VM1# commit
Resultados
Desde el modo de configuración, ingrese las interfaces de mostrar, mostrar protocolos, mostrar opciones de política y mostrar comandos de opciones de enrutamiento. Si el resultado no muestra la configuración deseada, repita las instrucciones en este ejemplo para corregir la configuración.
[edit]
user@VM1# show interfaces
interface-range tor-to-leaf {
member ge-0/0/4;
unit 0 {
family inet6;
}
}
ge-0/0/4 {
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 192.168.1.1/24;
}
}
}
lo0 {
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 192.168.30.1/32;
}
family inet6 {
address 2001:db8:70::1/128;
}
}
}
[edit]
user@VM1# show protocols
router-advertisement {
interface tor-to-leaf;
}
bgp {
group autodisc {
family inet {
unicast {
extended-nexthop;
}
}
family inet6 {
unicast;
}
export DIRECT-RTS;
multipath {
multiple-as;
}
dynamic-neighbor ndp {
peer-auto-discovery {
family inet6 {
ipv6-nd;
}
interface tor-to-leaf;
}
}
peer-as-list a-list;
}
group to-leaf-v4 {
family inet {
unicast {
extended-nexthop;
}
}
export DIRECT-RTS;
local-as 64500;
neighbor 192.168.1.2 {
peer-as 64496;
}
}
}
[edit]
user@VM1# show policy-options
policy-statement DIRECT-RTS {
from protocol direct;
then accept;
}
policy-statement lb {
then {
load-balance per-packet;
}
}
as-list a-list members 1-65535;
[edit]
user@VM1# show policy-options
policy-statement DIRECT-RTS {
from protocol direct;
then accept;
}
policy-statement lb {
then {
load-balance per-packet;
}
}
as-list a-list members 1-65535;
[edit]
user@VM1# show routing-options
autonomous-system 64500;
forwarding-table {
export lb;
ecmp-fast-reroute;
}
Verificación
Confirme que la configuración funciona correctamente.
- Verificar vecinos descubiertos automáticamente
- Verificar los pares descubiertos automáticamente del BGP
Verificar vecinos descubiertos automáticamente
Propósito
Verifique los vecinos del BGP descubiertos automáticamente.
Acción
Desde el modo operativo, ejecute el show bgp summary auto-discovered comando
En Leaf1
user@Leaf1> show bgp summary auto-discovered
Threading mode: BGP I/O
Default eBGP mode: advertise - accept, receive - accept
Groups: 2 Peers: 5 Down peers: 1
Auto-discovered peers: 4
Table Tot Paths Act Paths Suppressed History Damp State Pending
inet.0
24 20 0 0 0 0
inet6.0
16 16 0 0 0 0
Peer AS InPkt OutPkt OutQ Flaps Last Up/Dwn State|#Active/Received/Accepted/Damped...
fe80::5668:a3ff:fe16:1049%ge-0/0/3.0 64499 194 195 0 1 1:25:18 Establ
inet.0: 5/6/6/0
inet6.0: 4/4/4/0
fe80::5668:a3ff:fe16:104c%ge-0/0/4.0 64499 193 195 0 1 1:25:18 Establ
inet.0: 5/6/6/0
inet6.0: 4/4/4/0
fe80::5668:a3ff:fe16:12c9%ge-0/0/1.0 64498 217 223 0 1 1:35:53 Establ
inet.0: 5/6/6/0
inet6.0: 4/4/4/0
fe80::5668:a3ff:fe16:12ce%ge-0/0/2.0 64498 218 223 0 1 1:35:57 Establ
inet.0: 5/6/6/0
inet6.0: 4/4/4/0
En spine1
user@Spine1> show bgp summary auto-discovered
Threading mode: BGP I/O
Default eBGP mode: advertise - accept, receive - accept
Groups: 1 Peers: 4 Down peers: 0
Auto-discovered peers: 4
Table Tot Paths Act Paths Suppressed History Damp State Pending
inet.0
24 20 0 0 0 0
inet6.0
16 16 0 0 0 0
Peer AS InPkt OutPkt OutQ Flaps Last Up/Dwn State|#Active/Received/Accepted/Damped...
fe80::5668:a3ff:fe16:2e7%ge-0/0/0.0 64496 245 237 0 0 1:45:19 Establ
inet.0: 5/6/6/0
inet6.0: 4/4/4/0
fe80::5668:a3ff:fe16:2f2%ge-0/0/1.0 64496 245 238 0 0 1:45:23 Establ
inet.0: 5/6/6/0
inet6.0: 4/4/4/0
fe80::5668:a3ff:fe16:e49%ge-0/0/2.0 64497 245 243 0 0 1:45:19 Establ
inet.0: 5/6/6/0
inet6.0: 4/4/4/0
fe80::5668:a3ff:fe16:e59%ge-0/0/3.0 64497 247 248 0 0 1:45:23 Establ
inet.0: 5/6/6/0
inet6.0: 4/4/4/0
Significado
El resultado muestra el resumen de los vecinos bgp descubiertos automáticamente. Puede ver la cantidad de pares descubiertos automáticamente y sus detalles.
Verificar los pares descubiertos automáticamente del BGP
Propósito
Verifique los vecinos del BGP descubiertos automáticamente.
Acción
Desde el modo operativo, ejecute el show bgp neighbor auto-discovered comando.
En Leaf1
user@Leaf1> show bgp neighbor auto-discovered Peer: fe80::5668:a3ff:fe16:1049%ge-0/0/3.0+65265 AS 64499 Local: fe80::5668:a3ff:fe16:2f6%ge-0/0/3.0+179 AS 64496 Group: autodisc Routing-Instance: master Forwarding routing-instance: master Type: External State: Established Flags: <Sync PeerAsList AutoDiscoveredNdp> Last State: OpenConfirm Last Event: RecvKeepAlive Last Error: None Export: [ DIRECT-RTS ] Options: <AddressFamily Multipath Refresh> Options: <MultipathAs> Options: <GracefulShutdownRcv> Address families configured: inet-unicast inet6-unicast Holdtime: 90 Preference: 170 Graceful Shutdown Receiver local-preference: 0 Number of flaps: 1 Last flap event: RecvNotify Error: 'Cease' Sent: 0 Recv: 1 Peer ID: 128.49.102.24 Local ID: 128.49.102.139 Active Holdtime: 90 Keepalive Interval: 30 Group index: 2 Peer index: 2 SNMP index: 9 I/O Session Thread: bgpio-0 State: Enabled BFD: disabled, down Local Interface: ge-0/0/3.0 NLRI for restart configured on peer: inet-unicast inet6-unicast NLRI advertised by peer: inet-unicast inet6-unicast NLRI for this session: inet-unicast inet6-unicast Peer supports Refresh capability (2) Stale routes from peer are kept for: 300 Peer does not support Restarter functionality Restart flag received from the peer: Notification NLRI that restart is negotiated for: inet-unicast inet6-unicast NLRI of received end-of-rib markers: inet-unicast inet6-unicast NLRI of all end-of-rib markers sent: inet-unicast inet6-unicast ....................
En spine1
user@Spine1> show bgp neighbor auto-discovered Peer: fe80::5668:a3ff:fe16:2e7%ge-0/0/0.0+60458 AS 64496 Local: fe80::5668:a3ff:fe16:12c9%ge-0/0/0.0+179 AS 64498 Group: autodisc Routing-Instance: master Forwarding routing-instance: master Type: External State: Established Flags: <Sync PeerAsList AutoDiscoveredNdp> Last State: OpenConfirm Last Event: RecvKeepAlive Last Error: None Export: [ DIRECT-RTS ] Options: <AddressFamily Multipath Refresh> Options: <MultipathAs> Options: <GracefulShutdownRcv> Address families configured: inet-unicast inet6-unicast Holdtime: 90 Preference: 170 Graceful Shutdown Receiver local-preference: 0 Number of flaps: 0 Peer ID: 128.49.102.139 Local ID: 128.49.103.129 Active Holdtime: 90 Keepalive Interval: 30 Group index: 1 Peer index: 3 SNMP index: 7 I/O Session Thread: bgpio-0 State: Enabled BFD: disabled, down Local Interface: ge-0/0/0.0 NLRI for restart configured on peer: inet-unicast inet6-unicast NLRI advertised by peer: inet-unicast inet6-unicast NLRI for this session: inet-unicast inet6-unicast Peer supports Refresh capability (2) Stale routes from peer are kept for: 300 Peer does not support Restarter functionality Restart flag received from the peer: Notification NLRI that restart is negotiated for: inet-unicast inet6-unicast NLRI of received end-of-rib markers: inet-unicast inet6-unicast NLRI of all end-of-rib markers sent: inet-unicast inet6-unicast Peer does not support LLGR Restarter functionality Peer supports 4 byte AS extension (peer-as 64496) Peer does not support Addpath NLRI that we support extended nexthop encoding for: inet-unicast NLRI that peer supports extended nexthop encoding for: inet-unicast Table inet.0 Bit: 20000 ....................
Significado
El resultado muestra información sobre los vecinos del BGP descubiertos automáticamente.