예: IPv6용 DiffServ 구성
구성
이 예는 1분기에 신속한 포워딩과 보장된 포워딩 클래스(af1x)의 하위 집합을 2분기에 할당하고 4개의 포워딩 클래스 모두에 리소스를 배포합니다.
그림 1은 이 장의 사례 연구로 사용되는 3개의 라우터 및 링크의 토폴로지 를 보여줍니다.
그림 1: 기본 IPv6 DiffServ 토폴로지
이 사례 연구에서 서비스 프로바이더는 두 사이트의 고객 서버 간에 두 애플리케이션에 대해 우선 순위가 높은 패킷을 제공하기로 합의했습니다. 첫 번째 애플리케이션은 고화질 시청각(텔레비전) 패킷 플로우 스트림을 생성하고 두 번째 애플리케이션은 시간에 민감한 대량의 재무 정보를 생성합니다. 모든 경우에 패킷 플로우는 서버에서 서버로 입니다. 서비스 프로바이더는 패킷이 어느 사이트에서나 네트워크에 들어갈 때 적절하게 표시하고, 3개의 라우터에서 이 트래픽에 대해 특별한 대기열과 포워딩 클래스를 구성하며, 이러한 목적을 위해 IPv6용 DiffServ를 사용합니다.
라우터 1 및 3은 고객 대면 인터페이스에서 MF(Multifield) 분류자를 사용하여 우선 순위가 높은 패킷을 감지하고 DSCP(Differentiated Services Code Points)를 적절하게 다시 작성합니다. 베스트 에지 데이터 및 네트워크 제어 패킷은 영향을 받지 않습니다. 세 개의 라우터는 모두 일관된 스케줄러 및 리소스로 구성되어 우선 순위가 높은 패킷을 올바르게 처리합니다.
그림 2: IPv6 DiffServ 구성
그림 2는 인터페이스 및 IPv6 주소를 갖춘 IPv6 DiffServ에 대한 전체 토폴로지 를 보여줍니다. RFC 5952에 설명된 IPv4 매핑 IPv6 주소 형식이 사용됩니다.
코어 라우터 라우터 2에서 구성을 시작합니다. 이를 통해 에지 라우터에서 DiffServ가 활성화되면 네트워크를 통해 CoS(Class of Service)가 엔드 투 엔드로 활성화됩니다. 코어에서 MF 분류가 구성되지 않아 코어 라우터 구성이 좀 더 단순합니다.
라우터 2
[edit]
class-of-service {
classifiers { # Router 2 classifiers.
dscp-ipv6 IPv6-classifier {
import default; # Uses the DSCP default map.
forwarding-class be-DATA-class {
loss-priority high code-points 000001;
}
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class {
loss-priority high code-points 101111;
}
forwarding-class af-AV-class {
loss-priority high code-points 001100;
}
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class {
loss-priority high code-points 110001;
}
}
}
drop-profiles { # Router 2 drop profiles.
af-AV-normal {
interpolate {
fill-level [95 100];
drop-probability [0 100];
}
}
af-AV-with-PLP {
interpolate {
fill-level [60 70 80 90 95];
drop-probability [80 90 95 97 100];
}
}
}
forwarding-classes { # Router 2 forwarding classes.
queue 0 be-DATA-class;
queue 1 ef-FIN-class;
queue 2 af-AV-class;
queue 3 nc-CONTROL-class;
}
interfaces { # Router 2 class-of-service interfaces.
so-1/0/1 { # Connected to R1.
scheduler-map diffserv-cos-map;
unit 0 {
classifiers {
dscp-ipv6 IPv6-classifier;
}
rewrite-rules {
dscp-ipv6 rewrite-IPv6-dscp;
}
}
}
so-1/0/2 { # Connected to R3.
scheduler-map diffserv-cos-map;
unit 0 {
classifiers {
dscp-ipv6 IPv6-classifier;
}
rewrite-rules {
dscp-ipv6 rewrite-IPv6-dscp;
}
}
}
}
rewrite-rules rewrite-IPv6-dscps { # Router 2 rewrite rules.
forwarding-class be-DATA-class {
loss-priority low code points 000000;
loss-priority high code points 000001;
}
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class {
loss-priority low code points 101110;
loss-priority high code points 101111;
}
forwarding-class af-AV-class {
loss-priority low code points 001010;
loss-priority high code points 001100;
}
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class {
loss-priority low code points 110000;
loss-priority high code points 110001;
}
}
scheduler-maps { # Router 2 scheduler maps.
diffserv-cos-map {
forwarding-class be-DATA-class scheduler be-DATA-scheduler;
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class scheduler ef-FIN-scheduler;
forwarding-class af-AV-class scheduler af-AV-scheduler;
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class scheduler nc-CONTROL-scheduler;
}
}
schedulers { # Router 2 schedulers.
be-DATA-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 40;
buffer-size percent 40;
priority low;
}
ef-FIN-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 10;
buffer-size percent 10;
priority high;
}
af-AV-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 45;
buffer-size percent 45;
priority high;
drop-profile-map loss-priority low protocol any drop-profile af-AV-normal;
drop-profile-map loss-priority high protocol any drop-profile af-AV-with-PLP;
}
nc-CONTROL-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 5;
buffer-size percent 5;
priority low;
}
}
}
interfaces { # R2 interfaces.
so-1/0/1 { # Connected to R1.
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 10.0.0.1/24;
}
family inet6 {
address 0:0:FFFF:10.0.0.1/120;
}
}
}
so-1/0/2 { # Connected to R3.
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 10.0.1.1/24;
}
family inet6 {
address 0:0:FFFF:10.0.1.1/120;
}
}
}
}
에지 라우터인 Router 1과 Router 3에서 구성을 계속하십시오. 이 라우터는 방화벽 필터 기반 MF 분류자를 얻고 마커와 스케줄러에 대한 규칙을 다시 작성하며 코어 대면 인터페이스에서 프로필 삭제를 실행합니다.
라우터 1
[edit]
class-of-service {
classifiers { # Router 1 classifiers.
dscp-ipv6 IPv6-classifier {
import default; # Uses the DSCP default map.
forwarding-class be-DATA-class {
loss-priority high code-points 000001;
}
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class {
loss-priority high code-points 101111;
}
forwarding-class af-AV-class {
loss-priority high code-points 001100;
}
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class {
loss-priority high code-points 110001;
}
}
}
drop-profiles { # Router 1 drop profiles.
af-AV-normal {
interpolate {
fill-level [95 100];
drop-probability [0 100];
}
}
af-AV-with-PLP {
interpolate {
fill-level [60 70 80 90 95];
drop-probability [80 90 95 97 100];
}
}
}
forwarding-classes { # Router 1 forwarding classes.
queue 0 be-DATA-class;
queue 1 ef-FIN-class;
queue 2 af-AV-class;
queue 3 nc-CONTROL-class;
}
interfaces { # Router 1 class-of-service interfaces.
so-0/1/1 { # To servers.
scheduler-map diffserv-cos-map;
unit 0 {
classifiers {
dscp-ipv6 IPv6-classifier;
}
rewrite-rules {
dscp-ipv6 rewrite-IPv6-dscp;
}
}
}
rewrite-rules rewrite-IPv6-dscps { # Router 1 rewrite rules.
forwarding-class be-DATA-class {
loss-priority low code points 000000;
loss-priority high code points 000001;
}
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class {
loss-priority low code points 101110;
loss-priority high code points 101111;
}
forwarding-class af-AV-class {
loss-priority low code points 001010;
loss-priority high code points 001100;
}
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class {
loss-priority low code points 110000;
loss-priority high code points 110001;
}
}
scheduler-maps { # Router 1 scheduler map.
diffserv-cos-map {
forwarding-class be-DATA-class scheduler be-DATA-scheduler;
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class scheduler ef-FIN-scheduler;
forwarding-class af-AV-class scheduler af-AV-scheduler;
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class scheduler nc-CONTROL-scheduler;
}
}
schedulers { # Router 1 schedulers.
be-DATA-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 40;
buffer-size percent 40;
priority low;
}
ef-FIN-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 10;
buffer-size percent 10;
priority high;
}
af-AV-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 45;
buffer-size percent 45;
priority high;
drop-profile-map loss-priority low protocol any drop-profile af-AV-normal;
drop-profile-map loss-priority high protocol any drop-profile af-AV-with-PLP;
}
nc-CONTROL-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 5;
buffer-size percent 5;
priority low;
}
}
}
firewall { # Router 1 firewall policer and filter.
policer ef-FIN-Policer-Profile {
if-exceeding {
bandwidth-percent 10;
burst-size-limit 2k;
}
then loss-priority high;
}
family inet6 {
filter mf-classifier {
filter-specific;
term AV {
from {
destination-address {
0:0:FFFF:172.16.79.11;
}
}
then {
loss-priority low;
forwarding-class af-AV-class;
}
}
term Finance {
from {
destination-address {
O:0:FFFF:172.16.79.63;
}
}
then {
policer ef-FIN-Policer-Profile;
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class;
}
}
term Network-Control {
from {
traffic-class 192; # 192 is the 110000 traffic class.
}
then {
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class; # This is network control traffic.
}
}
term Data {
then forwarding-class be-DATA-class; # The rest is data.
}
}
}
}
interfaces { # Router 1 interfaces.
so-0/0/1 { # To servers.
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 192.168.54.1/24;
}
family inet6 {
filter {
input mf-classifier;
}
address 0:0:FFFF:192.168.54.1/120;
}
}
}
so-0/1/1 { # Connected to R2.
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 10.0.0.2/24;
}
family inet6 {
address 0:0:FFFF:10.0.0.2/120;
}
}
}
}
}
라우터 3
[edit]
class-of-service {
classifiers { # Router 3 classifiers.
dscp-ipv6 IPv6-classifier {
import default; # Uses the DSCP default map.
forwarding-class be-DATA-class {
loss-priority high code-points 000001;
}
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class {
loss-priority high code-points 101111;
}
forwarding-class af-AV-class {
loss-priority high code-points 001100;
}
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class {
loss-priority high code-points 110001;
}
}
}
drop-profiles { # Router 3 drop profiles.
af-AV-normal {
interpolate {
fill-level [95 100];
drop-probability [0 100];
}
}
af-AV-with-PLP {
interpolate {
fill-level [60 70 80 90 95];
drop-probability [80 90 95 97 100];
}
}
}
forwarding-classes { # Router 3 forwarding classes.
queue 0 be-DATA-class;
queue 1 ef-FIN-class;
queue 2 af-AV-class;
queue 3 nc-CONTROL-class;
}
interfaces { # Router 3 class-of-service interfaces.
so-2/0/1 { # To servers.
scheduler-map diffserv-cos-map;
unit 0 {
classifiers {
dscp-ipv6 IPv6-classifier;
}
rewrite-rules {
dscp-ipv6 rewrite-IPv6-dscp;
}
}
}
rewrite-rules rewrite-IPv6-dscps { # Router 3 rewrite rules.
forwarding-class be-DATA-class {
loss-priority low code points 000000;
loss-priority high code points 000001;
}
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class {
loss-priority low code points 101110;
loss-priority high code points 101111;
}
forwarding-class af-AV-class {
loss-priority low code points 001010;
loss-priority high code points 001100;
}
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class {
loss-priority low code points 110000;
loss-priority high code points 110001;
}
}
scheduler-maps { # Router 3 scheduler map.
diffserv-cos-map {
forwarding-class be-DATA-class scheduler be-DATA-scheduler;
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class scheduler ef-FIN-scheduler;
forwarding-class af-AV-class scheduler af-AV-scheduler;
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class scheduler nc-CONTROL-scheduler;
}
}
schedulers { # Router 3 schedulers.
be-DATA-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 40;
buffer-size percent 40;
priority low;
}
ef-FIN-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 10;
buffer-size percent 10;
priority high;
}
af-AV-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 45;
buffer-size percent 45;
priority high;
drop-profile-map loss-priority low protocol any drop-profile af-AV-normal;
drop-profile-map loss-priority high protocol any drop-profile af-AV-with-PLP;
}
nc-CONTROL-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 5;
buffer-size percent 5;
priority low;
}
}
firewall { # Router 3 firewall policer and filter.
policer ef-FIN-Policer-Profile {
if-exceeding {
bandwidth-percent 10;
burst-size-limit 2k;
}
then loss-priority high;
}
family inet6 {
filter mf-classifier {
filter-specific;
term AV {
from {
destination-address {
0:0:FFFF:172.16.79.11;
}
}
then {
loss-priority low;
forwarding-class af-AV-class;
}
}
term Finance {
from {
destination-address {
O:0:FFFF:172.16.79.63;
}
}
then {
policer ef-FIN-Policer-Profile;
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class;
}
}
term Network-Control {
from {
traffic-class 192; # 192 is the 110000 traffic class.
}
then {
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class; # This is network control traffic.
}
}
term Data {
then forwarding-class be-DATA-class; # The rest is data.
}
}
}
}
interfaces { # Router 3 interfaces.
so-2/0/0 { # To servers.
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 1172.16.79.1/24;
}
family inet6 {
filter {
input mf-classifier;
}
address 0:0:FFFF:172.16.79.1/120;
}
}
}
so-2/0/1 { # to R2
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 10.0.1.2/24;
}
family inet6 {
address 0:0:FFFF:10.0.1.2/120;
}
}
}
}
}
}
확인
IPv6 DiffServ 구성을 사용하는 CoS가 올바른지 확인하려면 다음 명령을 사용합니다.
show class-of-service classifier type dscp-ipv6show class-of-service rewrite-rule type dscp-ipv6show class-of-service interfaceshow class-of-service forwarding-table classifier mappingshow class-of-service forwarding-table rewrite-rule mappingshow class-of-service scheduler-mapscheduler-map-nameshow class-of-service forwarding-table scheduler-map
다음 섹션은 구성 예와 함께 사용되는 이러한 명령의 출력을 보여줍니다.
DiffServ 분류자
user@R1> show class-of-service classifier type dscp-ipv6 Classifier: dscp-ipv6-default, Code point type: dscp-ipv6, Index: 4 Code point Forwarding class Loss priority 000000 be-DATA-class low 000001 be-DATA-class low 000010 be-DATA-class low 000011 be-DATA-class low 000100 be-DATA-class low 000101 be-DATA-class low 000110 be-DATA-class low 000111 be-DATA-class low 001000 be-DATA-class low 001001 be-DATA-class low 001010 af-AV-class low 001011 be-DATA-class low 001100 af-AV-class high 001101 be-DATA-class low 001110 af-AV-class high 001111 be-DATA-class low 010000 be-DATA-class low 010001 be-DATA-class low 010010 be-DATA-class low 010011 be-DATA-class low 010100 be-DATA-class low 010101 be-DATA-class low 010110 be-DATA-class low 010111 be-DATA-class low 011000 be-DATA-class low 011001 be-DATA-class low 011010 be-DATA-class low 011011 be-DATA-class low 011100 be-DATA-class low 011101 be-DATA-class low 011110 be-DATA-class low 011111 be-DATA-class low 100000 be-DATA-class low 100001 be-DATA-class low 100010 be-DATA-class low 100011 be-DATA-class low 100100 be-DATA-class low 100101 be-DATA-class low 100110 be-DATA-class low 100111 be-DATA-class low 101000 be-DATA-class low 101001 be-DATA-class low 101010 be-DATA-class low 101011 be-DATA-class low 101100 be-DATA-class low 101101 be-DATA-class low 101110 ef-FIN-class low 101111 be-DATA-class low 110000 nc-CONTROL-class low 110001 be-DATA-class low 110010 be-DATA-class low 110011 be-DATA-class low 110100 be-DATA-class low 110101 be-DATA-class low 110110 be-DATA-class low 110111 be-DATA-class low 111000 nc-CONTROL-class low 111001 be-DATA-class low 111010 be-DATA-class low 111011 be-DATA-class low 111100 be-DATA-class low 111101 be-DATA-class low 111110 be-DATA-class low 111111 be-DATA-class low Classifier: IPv6-classifier, Code point type: dscp-ipv6, Index: 18301 Code point Forwarding class Loss priority 000000 be-DATA-class low 000001 be-DATA-class high 000010 be-DATA-class low 000011 be-DATA-class low 000100 be-DATA-class low 000101 be-DATA-class low 000110 be-DATA-class low 000111 be-DATA-class low 001000 be-DATA-class low 001001 be-DATA-class low 001010 af-AV-class low 001011 be-DATA-class low 001100 af-AV-class high 001101 be-DATA-class low 001110 af-AV-class high 001111 be-DATA-class low 010000 be-DATA-class low 010001 be-DATA-class low 010010 be-DATA-class low 010011 be-DATA-class low 010100 be-DATA-class low 010101 be-DATA-class low 010110 be-DATA-class low 010111 be-DATA-class low 011000 be-DATA-class low 011001 be-DATA-class low 011010 be-DATA-class low 011011 be-DATA-class low 011100 be-DATA-class low 011101 be-DATA-class low 011110 be-DATA-class low 011111 be-DATA-class low 100000 be-DATA-class low 100001 be-DATA-class low 100010 be-DATA-class low 100011 be-DATA-class low 100100 be-DATA-class low 100101 be-DATA-class low 100110 be-DATA-class low 100111 be-DATA-class low 101000 be-DATA-class low 101001 be-DATA-class low 101010 be-DATA-class low 101011 be-DATA-class low 101100 be-DATA-class low 101101 be-DATA-class low 101110 ef-FIN-class low 101111 ef-FIN-class high 110000 nc-CONTROL-class low 110001 nc-CONTROL-class high 110010 be-DATA-class low 110011 be-DATA-class low 110100 be-DATA-class low 110101 be-DATA-class low 110110 be-DATA-class low 110111 be-DATA-class low 111000 nc-CONTROL-class low 111001 be-DATA-class low 111010 be-DATA-class low 111011 be-DATA-class low 111100 be-DATA-class low 111101 be-DATA-class low 111110 be-DATA-class low 111111 be-DATA-class low
규칙 재작성
user@R1> show class-of-service rewrite-rule type dscp-ipv6 Rewrite rule: dscp-ipv6-default, Code point type: dscp-ipv6, Index: 20 Forwarding class Loss priority Code point be-DATA-class low 000000 be-DATA-class high 000000 ef-FIN-class low 101110 ef-FIN-class high 101110 af-AV-class low 001010 af-AV-class high 001100 nc-CONTROL-class low 110000 nc-CONTROL-class high 111000 Rewrite rule: rewrite-IPv6-dscp, Code point type: dscp-ipv6, Index: 58077 Forwarding class Loss priority Code point be-DATA-class low 000000 be-DATA-class high 000001 ef-FIN-class low 101110 ef-FIN-class high 101111 af-AV-class low 001010 af-AV-class high 001100 nc-CONTROL-class low 110000 nc-CONTROL-class high 110001
서비스 등급 인터페이스
user@R1> show class-of-service interface
...
Physical interface: so-0/0/1, Index: 141
Queues supported: 4, Queues in use: 4
Scheduler map: diffserv-cos-map, Index: -543019056
Logical interface: so-0/0/1.0, Index: 68
Object Name Type Index
Rewrite rewrite-IPv6-dscp dscp-ipv6 58077
Rewrite exp-default exp 21
Classifier IPv6-classifier dscp-ipv6 18301
Classifier exp-default exp 5
...
Physical interface: so-0/1/1, Index: 144
Queues supported: 4, Queues in use: 4
Scheduler map: <default>, Index: -113795564
Logical interface: so-0/1/1.0, Index: 69
Object Name Type Index
Rewrite exp-default exp 21
Classifier exp-default exp 5
Classifier ipprec-compatibility ip 8
분류자 매핑
user@R1> show class-of-service forwarding-table classifier mapping
Table Index/
Interface Index Q num Table type
so-0/0/1.0 68 18301 IPv6 DSCP
so-0/1/1.0 69 8 IPv4 precedence
규칙 매핑 재작성
user@R1> show class-of-service forwarding-table rewrite-rule mapping Interface Index Table index Type so-0/1/1.0 68 58077 IPv6 DSCP
스케줄러 맵
user@R1> show class-of-service scheduler-map diffserv-cos-map
Scheduler map: diffserv-cos-map, Index: 1094596010
Scheduler: be-DATA-scheduler, Forwarding class: be-DATA-class, Index: 14343
Transmit rate: 40 percent, Rate Limit: none, Buffer size: 40 percent,
Priority: low
Drop profiles:
Loss priority Protocol Index Name
Low non-TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
Low TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
High non-TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
High TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
Scheduler: ef-FIN-scheduler, Forwarding class: ef-FIN-class, Index: 21707
Transmit rate: 10 percent, Rate Limit: none, Buffer size: 10 percent,
Priority: high
Drop profiles:
Loss priority Protocol Index Name
Low non-TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
Low TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
High non-TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
High TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
Scheduler: af-AV-scheduler, Forwarding class: af-AV-class, Index: 51704
Transmit rate: 45 percent, Rate Limit: none, Buffer size: 45 percent,
Priority: high
Drop profiles:
Loss priority Protocol Index Name
Low non-TCP 61474 af-AV-normal
Low TCP 61474 af-AV-normal
High non-TCP 65199 af-AV-with-PLP
High TCP 65199 af-AV-with-PLP
Scheduler: nc-CONTROL-scheduler, Forwarding class: nc-CONTROL-class, Index: 50404
Transmit rate: 5 percent, Rate Limit: none, Buffer size: 5 percent,
Priority: low
Drop profiles:
Loss priority Protocol Index Name
Low non-TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
Low TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
High non-TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
High TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
user@R1> show class-of-service forwarding-table scheduler-map
...
Interface: so-0/0/1 (Index: 141, Map index: -543019056, Map type: FINAL,
Num of queues: 4):
Entry 0 (Scheduler index: 14343, Queue #: 0):
Tx rate: 0 Kb (40%), Buffer size: 40 percent
Priority low
PLP high: 1, PLP low: 1, TCP PLP high: 1, TCP PLP low: 1
Entry 1 (Scheduler index: 21707, Queue #: 1):
Tx rate: 0 Kb (10%), Buffer size: 10 percent
Priority high
PLP high: 1, PLP low: 1, TCP PLP high: 1, TCP PLP low: 1
Entry 2 (Scheduler index: 51704, Queue #: 2):
Tx rate: 0 Kb (45%), Buffer size: 45 percent
Priority high
PLP high: 65199, PLP low: 61474, TCP PLP high: 65199, TCP PLP low: 61474
Entry 3 (Scheduler index: 50404, Queue #: 3):
Tx rate: 0 Kb (5%), Buffer size: 5 percent
Priority low
PLP high: 1, PLP low: 1, TCP PLP high: 1, TCP PLP low: 1
...