例:IPv6 の DiffServ の設定
構成
この例では、優先フォワーディングを第 1 四半期に割り当て、保証された転送クラス(af1x)のサブセットを第 2 四半期に割り当て、4 つの転送クラスすべてにリソースを分散します。
図 1 は、この章の導入事例として使用される 3 つのルーターとリンクのトポロジーを示しています。
図 1:基本的な IPv6 DiffServ トポロジー
この導入事例では、サービス プロバイダは、2 つのサイトにある顧客のサーバー間で 2 つのアプリケーションに対して、パケットの優先度の高い配信を提供することに同意しました。1 つ目のアプリケーションは、高解像度オーディオビジュアル(テレビ)パケット フローのストリームを生成し、2 つ目のアプリケーションは時間の影響を受けやすい大量の財務情報を生成します。いずれの場合も、パケット フローはサーバー間です。サービス プロバイダは、どちらのサイトからネットワークに入ったパケットも適切にマークし、3 つのルーターでこのトラフィック用に特別なキューと転送クラスを設定し、そのために IPv6 に DiffServ を使用します。
ルーター1および3は、顧客対応インターフェイスでマルチフィールド(MF)分類子を使用して、優先度の高いパケットを検出し、DSCP(差別化サービスコードポイント)を適切に書き換えます。ベストエフォート型データとネットワーク制御パケットは影響を受けません。3 つのルーターはすべて、優先度の高いパケットを適切に処理するための一貫したスケジューラとリソースで構成されています。
図 2:IPv6 DiffServ 設定
図 2 は、インターフェイスと IPv6 アドレスを備えた IPv6 DiffServ の完全なトポロジーを示しています。RFC 5952 で説明されている IPv4 にマッピングされた IPv6 アドレス形式が使用されます。
コアルーターのルーター2で設定を開始します。これにより、エッジルーターでDiffServが有効になっている場合、CoS(サービスクラス)がネットワークを介してエンドツーエンドで有効になります。コアルーターの設定は、コアでMF分類が設定されないため、少しシンプルです。
ルーター2
[edit]
class-of-service {
classifiers { # Router 2 classifiers.
dscp-ipv6 IPv6-classifier {
import default; # Uses the DSCP default map.
forwarding-class be-DATA-class {
loss-priority high code-points 000001;
}
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class {
loss-priority high code-points 101111;
}
forwarding-class af-AV-class {
loss-priority high code-points 001100;
}
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class {
loss-priority high code-points 110001;
}
}
}
drop-profiles { # Router 2 drop profiles.
af-AV-normal {
interpolate {
fill-level [95 100];
drop-probability [0 100];
}
}
af-AV-with-PLP {
interpolate {
fill-level [60 70 80 90 95];
drop-probability [80 90 95 97 100];
}
}
}
forwarding-classes { # Router 2 forwarding classes.
queue 0 be-DATA-class;
queue 1 ef-FIN-class;
queue 2 af-AV-class;
queue 3 nc-CONTROL-class;
}
interfaces { # Router 2 class-of-service interfaces.
so-1/0/1 { # Connected to R1.
scheduler-map diffserv-cos-map;
unit 0 {
classifiers {
dscp-ipv6 IPv6-classifier;
}
rewrite-rules {
dscp-ipv6 rewrite-IPv6-dscp;
}
}
}
so-1/0/2 { # Connected to R3.
scheduler-map diffserv-cos-map;
unit 0 {
classifiers {
dscp-ipv6 IPv6-classifier;
}
rewrite-rules {
dscp-ipv6 rewrite-IPv6-dscp;
}
}
}
}
rewrite-rules rewrite-IPv6-dscps { # Router 2 rewrite rules.
forwarding-class be-DATA-class {
loss-priority low code points 000000;
loss-priority high code points 000001;
}
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class {
loss-priority low code points 101110;
loss-priority high code points 101111;
}
forwarding-class af-AV-class {
loss-priority low code points 001010;
loss-priority high code points 001100;
}
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class {
loss-priority low code points 110000;
loss-priority high code points 110001;
}
}
scheduler-maps { # Router 2 scheduler maps.
diffserv-cos-map {
forwarding-class be-DATA-class scheduler be-DATA-scheduler;
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class scheduler ef-FIN-scheduler;
forwarding-class af-AV-class scheduler af-AV-scheduler;
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class scheduler nc-CONTROL-scheduler;
}
}
schedulers { # Router 2 schedulers.
be-DATA-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 40;
buffer-size percent 40;
priority low;
}
ef-FIN-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 10;
buffer-size percent 10;
priority high;
}
af-AV-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 45;
buffer-size percent 45;
priority high;
drop-profile-map loss-priority low protocol any drop-profile af-AV-normal;
drop-profile-map loss-priority high protocol any drop-profile af-AV-with-PLP;
}
nc-CONTROL-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 5;
buffer-size percent 5;
priority low;
}
}
}
interfaces { # R2 interfaces.
so-1/0/1 { # Connected to R1.
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 10.0.0.1/24;
}
family inet6 {
address 0:0:FFFF:10.0.0.1/120;
}
}
}
so-1/0/2 { # Connected to R3.
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 10.0.1.1/24;
}
family inet6 {
address 0:0:FFFF:10.0.1.1/120;
}
}
}
}
エッジ ルーターのルーター 1 とルーター 3 で設定を続行します。これらのルーターは、ファイアウォールフィルターベースのMF分類子を取得し、マーカーのルールを書き換え、コアに面するインターフェイスのスケジューラとドロッププロファイルを取得します。
ルーター1
[edit]
class-of-service {
classifiers { # Router 1 classifiers.
dscp-ipv6 IPv6-classifier {
import default; # Uses the DSCP default map.
forwarding-class be-DATA-class {
loss-priority high code-points 000001;
}
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class {
loss-priority high code-points 101111;
}
forwarding-class af-AV-class {
loss-priority high code-points 001100;
}
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class {
loss-priority high code-points 110001;
}
}
}
drop-profiles { # Router 1 drop profiles.
af-AV-normal {
interpolate {
fill-level [95 100];
drop-probability [0 100];
}
}
af-AV-with-PLP {
interpolate {
fill-level [60 70 80 90 95];
drop-probability [80 90 95 97 100];
}
}
}
forwarding-classes { # Router 1 forwarding classes.
queue 0 be-DATA-class;
queue 1 ef-FIN-class;
queue 2 af-AV-class;
queue 3 nc-CONTROL-class;
}
interfaces { # Router 1 class-of-service interfaces.
so-0/1/1 { # To servers.
scheduler-map diffserv-cos-map;
unit 0 {
classifiers {
dscp-ipv6 IPv6-classifier;
}
rewrite-rules {
dscp-ipv6 rewrite-IPv6-dscp;
}
}
}
rewrite-rules rewrite-IPv6-dscps { # Router 1 rewrite rules.
forwarding-class be-DATA-class {
loss-priority low code points 000000;
loss-priority high code points 000001;
}
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class {
loss-priority low code points 101110;
loss-priority high code points 101111;
}
forwarding-class af-AV-class {
loss-priority low code points 001010;
loss-priority high code points 001100;
}
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class {
loss-priority low code points 110000;
loss-priority high code points 110001;
}
}
scheduler-maps { # Router 1 scheduler map.
diffserv-cos-map {
forwarding-class be-DATA-class scheduler be-DATA-scheduler;
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class scheduler ef-FIN-scheduler;
forwarding-class af-AV-class scheduler af-AV-scheduler;
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class scheduler nc-CONTROL-scheduler;
}
}
schedulers { # Router 1 schedulers.
be-DATA-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 40;
buffer-size percent 40;
priority low;
}
ef-FIN-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 10;
buffer-size percent 10;
priority high;
}
af-AV-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 45;
buffer-size percent 45;
priority high;
drop-profile-map loss-priority low protocol any drop-profile af-AV-normal;
drop-profile-map loss-priority high protocol any drop-profile af-AV-with-PLP;
}
nc-CONTROL-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 5;
buffer-size percent 5;
priority low;
}
}
}
firewall { # Router 1 firewall policer and filter.
policer ef-FIN-Policer-Profile {
if-exceeding {
bandwidth-percent 10;
burst-size-limit 2k;
}
then loss-priority high;
}
family inet6 {
filter mf-classifier {
filter-specific;
term AV {
from {
destination-address {
0:0:FFFF:172.16.79.11;
}
}
then {
loss-priority low;
forwarding-class af-AV-class;
}
}
term Finance {
from {
destination-address {
O:0:FFFF:172.16.79.63;
}
}
then {
policer ef-FIN-Policer-Profile;
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class;
}
}
term Network-Control {
from {
traffic-class 192; # 192 is the 110000 traffic class.
}
then {
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class; # This is network control traffic.
}
}
term Data {
then forwarding-class be-DATA-class; # The rest is data.
}
}
}
}
interfaces { # Router 1 interfaces.
so-0/0/1 { # To servers.
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 192.168.54.1/24;
}
family inet6 {
filter {
input mf-classifier;
}
address 0:0:FFFF:192.168.54.1/120;
}
}
}
so-0/1/1 { # Connected to R2.
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 10.0.0.2/24;
}
family inet6 {
address 0:0:FFFF:10.0.0.2/120;
}
}
}
}
}
ルーター3
[edit]
class-of-service {
classifiers { # Router 3 classifiers.
dscp-ipv6 IPv6-classifier {
import default; # Uses the DSCP default map.
forwarding-class be-DATA-class {
loss-priority high code-points 000001;
}
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class {
loss-priority high code-points 101111;
}
forwarding-class af-AV-class {
loss-priority high code-points 001100;
}
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class {
loss-priority high code-points 110001;
}
}
}
drop-profiles { # Router 3 drop profiles.
af-AV-normal {
interpolate {
fill-level [95 100];
drop-probability [0 100];
}
}
af-AV-with-PLP {
interpolate {
fill-level [60 70 80 90 95];
drop-probability [80 90 95 97 100];
}
}
}
forwarding-classes { # Router 3 forwarding classes.
queue 0 be-DATA-class;
queue 1 ef-FIN-class;
queue 2 af-AV-class;
queue 3 nc-CONTROL-class;
}
interfaces { # Router 3 class-of-service interfaces.
so-2/0/1 { # To servers.
scheduler-map diffserv-cos-map;
unit 0 {
classifiers {
dscp-ipv6 IPv6-classifier;
}
rewrite-rules {
dscp-ipv6 rewrite-IPv6-dscp;
}
}
}
rewrite-rules rewrite-IPv6-dscps { # Router 3 rewrite rules.
forwarding-class be-DATA-class {
loss-priority low code points 000000;
loss-priority high code points 000001;
}
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class {
loss-priority low code points 101110;
loss-priority high code points 101111;
}
forwarding-class af-AV-class {
loss-priority low code points 001010;
loss-priority high code points 001100;
}
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class {
loss-priority low code points 110000;
loss-priority high code points 110001;
}
}
scheduler-maps { # Router 3 scheduler map.
diffserv-cos-map {
forwarding-class be-DATA-class scheduler be-DATA-scheduler;
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class scheduler ef-FIN-scheduler;
forwarding-class af-AV-class scheduler af-AV-scheduler;
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class scheduler nc-CONTROL-scheduler;
}
}
schedulers { # Router 3 schedulers.
be-DATA-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 40;
buffer-size percent 40;
priority low;
}
ef-FIN-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 10;
buffer-size percent 10;
priority high;
}
af-AV-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 45;
buffer-size percent 45;
priority high;
drop-profile-map loss-priority low protocol any drop-profile af-AV-normal;
drop-profile-map loss-priority high protocol any drop-profile af-AV-with-PLP;
}
nc-CONTROL-scheduler {
transmit-rate percent 5;
buffer-size percent 5;
priority low;
}
}
firewall { # Router 3 firewall policer and filter.
policer ef-FIN-Policer-Profile {
if-exceeding {
bandwidth-percent 10;
burst-size-limit 2k;
}
then loss-priority high;
}
family inet6 {
filter mf-classifier {
filter-specific;
term AV {
from {
destination-address {
0:0:FFFF:172.16.79.11;
}
}
then {
loss-priority low;
forwarding-class af-AV-class;
}
}
term Finance {
from {
destination-address {
O:0:FFFF:172.16.79.63;
}
}
then {
policer ef-FIN-Policer-Profile;
forwarding-class ef-FIN-class;
}
}
term Network-Control {
from {
traffic-class 192; # 192 is the 110000 traffic class.
}
then {
forwarding-class nc-CONTROL-class; # This is network control traffic.
}
}
term Data {
then forwarding-class be-DATA-class; # The rest is data.
}
}
}
}
interfaces { # Router 3 interfaces.
so-2/0/0 { # To servers.
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 1172.16.79.1/24;
}
family inet6 {
filter {
input mf-classifier;
}
address 0:0:FFFF:172.16.79.1/120;
}
}
}
so-2/0/1 { # to R2
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 10.0.1.2/24;
}
family inet6 {
address 0:0:FFFF:10.0.1.2/120;
}
}
}
}
}
}
検証
IPv6 DiffServ 設定を使用した CoS が正しいことを確認するには、以下のコマンドを使用します。
show class-of-service classifier type dscp-ipv6show class-of-service rewrite-rule type dscp-ipv6show class-of-service interfaceshow class-of-service forwarding-table classifier mappingshow class-of-service forwarding-table rewrite-rule mappingshow class-of-service scheduler-mapscheduler-map-nameshow class-of-service forwarding-table scheduler-map
以下のセクションでは、設定例で使用されるこれらのコマンドの出力を示します。
DiffServ 分類子
user@R1> show class-of-service classifier type dscp-ipv6 Classifier: dscp-ipv6-default, Code point type: dscp-ipv6, Index: 4 Code point Forwarding class Loss priority 000000 be-DATA-class low 000001 be-DATA-class low 000010 be-DATA-class low 000011 be-DATA-class low 000100 be-DATA-class low 000101 be-DATA-class low 000110 be-DATA-class low 000111 be-DATA-class low 001000 be-DATA-class low 001001 be-DATA-class low 001010 af-AV-class low 001011 be-DATA-class low 001100 af-AV-class high 001101 be-DATA-class low 001110 af-AV-class high 001111 be-DATA-class low 010000 be-DATA-class low 010001 be-DATA-class low 010010 be-DATA-class low 010011 be-DATA-class low 010100 be-DATA-class low 010101 be-DATA-class low 010110 be-DATA-class low 010111 be-DATA-class low 011000 be-DATA-class low 011001 be-DATA-class low 011010 be-DATA-class low 011011 be-DATA-class low 011100 be-DATA-class low 011101 be-DATA-class low 011110 be-DATA-class low 011111 be-DATA-class low 100000 be-DATA-class low 100001 be-DATA-class low 100010 be-DATA-class low 100011 be-DATA-class low 100100 be-DATA-class low 100101 be-DATA-class low 100110 be-DATA-class low 100111 be-DATA-class low 101000 be-DATA-class low 101001 be-DATA-class low 101010 be-DATA-class low 101011 be-DATA-class low 101100 be-DATA-class low 101101 be-DATA-class low 101110 ef-FIN-class low 101111 be-DATA-class low 110000 nc-CONTROL-class low 110001 be-DATA-class low 110010 be-DATA-class low 110011 be-DATA-class low 110100 be-DATA-class low 110101 be-DATA-class low 110110 be-DATA-class low 110111 be-DATA-class low 111000 nc-CONTROL-class low 111001 be-DATA-class low 111010 be-DATA-class low 111011 be-DATA-class low 111100 be-DATA-class low 111101 be-DATA-class low 111110 be-DATA-class low 111111 be-DATA-class low Classifier: IPv6-classifier, Code point type: dscp-ipv6, Index: 18301 Code point Forwarding class Loss priority 000000 be-DATA-class low 000001 be-DATA-class high 000010 be-DATA-class low 000011 be-DATA-class low 000100 be-DATA-class low 000101 be-DATA-class low 000110 be-DATA-class low 000111 be-DATA-class low 001000 be-DATA-class low 001001 be-DATA-class low 001010 af-AV-class low 001011 be-DATA-class low 001100 af-AV-class high 001101 be-DATA-class low 001110 af-AV-class high 001111 be-DATA-class low 010000 be-DATA-class low 010001 be-DATA-class low 010010 be-DATA-class low 010011 be-DATA-class low 010100 be-DATA-class low 010101 be-DATA-class low 010110 be-DATA-class low 010111 be-DATA-class low 011000 be-DATA-class low 011001 be-DATA-class low 011010 be-DATA-class low 011011 be-DATA-class low 011100 be-DATA-class low 011101 be-DATA-class low 011110 be-DATA-class low 011111 be-DATA-class low 100000 be-DATA-class low 100001 be-DATA-class low 100010 be-DATA-class low 100011 be-DATA-class low 100100 be-DATA-class low 100101 be-DATA-class low 100110 be-DATA-class low 100111 be-DATA-class low 101000 be-DATA-class low 101001 be-DATA-class low 101010 be-DATA-class low 101011 be-DATA-class low 101100 be-DATA-class low 101101 be-DATA-class low 101110 ef-FIN-class low 101111 ef-FIN-class high 110000 nc-CONTROL-class low 110001 nc-CONTROL-class high 110010 be-DATA-class low 110011 be-DATA-class low 110100 be-DATA-class low 110101 be-DATA-class low 110110 be-DATA-class low 110111 be-DATA-class low 111000 nc-CONTROL-class low 111001 be-DATA-class low 111010 be-DATA-class low 111011 be-DATA-class low 111100 be-DATA-class low 111101 be-DATA-class low 111110 be-DATA-class low 111111 be-DATA-class low
ルールの書き換え
user@R1> show class-of-service rewrite-rule type dscp-ipv6 Rewrite rule: dscp-ipv6-default, Code point type: dscp-ipv6, Index: 20 Forwarding class Loss priority Code point be-DATA-class low 000000 be-DATA-class high 000000 ef-FIN-class low 101110 ef-FIN-class high 101110 af-AV-class low 001010 af-AV-class high 001100 nc-CONTROL-class low 110000 nc-CONTROL-class high 111000 Rewrite rule: rewrite-IPv6-dscp, Code point type: dscp-ipv6, Index: 58077 Forwarding class Loss priority Code point be-DATA-class low 000000 be-DATA-class high 000001 ef-FIN-class low 101110 ef-FIN-class high 101111 af-AV-class low 001010 af-AV-class high 001100 nc-CONTROL-class low 110000 nc-CONTROL-class high 110001
サービス クラス インターフェイス
user@R1> show class-of-service interface
...
Physical interface: so-0/0/1, Index: 141
Queues supported: 4, Queues in use: 4
Scheduler map: diffserv-cos-map, Index: -543019056
Logical interface: so-0/0/1.0, Index: 68
Object Name Type Index
Rewrite rewrite-IPv6-dscp dscp-ipv6 58077
Rewrite exp-default exp 21
Classifier IPv6-classifier dscp-ipv6 18301
Classifier exp-default exp 5
...
Physical interface: so-0/1/1, Index: 144
Queues supported: 4, Queues in use: 4
Scheduler map: <default>, Index: -113795564
Logical interface: so-0/1/1.0, Index: 69
Object Name Type Index
Rewrite exp-default exp 21
Classifier exp-default exp 5
Classifier ipprec-compatibility ip 8
分類子マッピング
user@R1> show class-of-service forwarding-table classifier mapping
Table Index/
Interface Index Q num Table type
so-0/0/1.0 68 18301 IPv6 DSCP
so-0/1/1.0 69 8 IPv4 precedence
ルールの書き換えマッピング
user@R1> show class-of-service forwarding-table rewrite-rule mapping Interface Index Table index Type so-0/1/1.0 68 58077 IPv6 DSCP
スケジューラ マップ
user@R1> show class-of-service scheduler-map diffserv-cos-map
Scheduler map: diffserv-cos-map, Index: 1094596010
Scheduler: be-DATA-scheduler, Forwarding class: be-DATA-class, Index: 14343
Transmit rate: 40 percent, Rate Limit: none, Buffer size: 40 percent,
Priority: low
Drop profiles:
Loss priority Protocol Index Name
Low non-TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
Low TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
High non-TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
High TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
Scheduler: ef-FIN-scheduler, Forwarding class: ef-FIN-class, Index: 21707
Transmit rate: 10 percent, Rate Limit: none, Buffer size: 10 percent,
Priority: high
Drop profiles:
Loss priority Protocol Index Name
Low non-TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
Low TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
High non-TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
High TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
Scheduler: af-AV-scheduler, Forwarding class: af-AV-class, Index: 51704
Transmit rate: 45 percent, Rate Limit: none, Buffer size: 45 percent,
Priority: high
Drop profiles:
Loss priority Protocol Index Name
Low non-TCP 61474 af-AV-normal
Low TCP 61474 af-AV-normal
High non-TCP 65199 af-AV-with-PLP
High TCP 65199 af-AV-with-PLP
Scheduler: nc-CONTROL-scheduler, Forwarding class: nc-CONTROL-class, Index: 50404
Transmit rate: 5 percent, Rate Limit: none, Buffer size: 5 percent,
Priority: low
Drop profiles:
Loss priority Protocol Index Name
Low non-TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
Low TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
High non-TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
High TCP 1 <default-drop-profile>
user@R1> show class-of-service forwarding-table scheduler-map
...
Interface: so-0/0/1 (Index: 141, Map index: -543019056, Map type: FINAL,
Num of queues: 4):
Entry 0 (Scheduler index: 14343, Queue #: 0):
Tx rate: 0 Kb (40%), Buffer size: 40 percent
Priority low
PLP high: 1, PLP low: 1, TCP PLP high: 1, TCP PLP low: 1
Entry 1 (Scheduler index: 21707, Queue #: 1):
Tx rate: 0 Kb (10%), Buffer size: 10 percent
Priority high
PLP high: 1, PLP low: 1, TCP PLP high: 1, TCP PLP low: 1
Entry 2 (Scheduler index: 51704, Queue #: 2):
Tx rate: 0 Kb (45%), Buffer size: 45 percent
Priority high
PLP high: 65199, PLP low: 61474, TCP PLP high: 65199, TCP PLP low: 61474
Entry 3 (Scheduler index: 50404, Queue #: 3):
Tx rate: 0 Kb (5%), Buffer size: 5 percent
Priority low
PLP high: 1, PLP low: 1, TCP PLP high: 1, TCP PLP low: 1
...