•  Junos OS Routing Protocols and Policies Configuration Guide for Security Devices
  •  Copyright and Trademark Information
  •  Table of Contents
  •   About This Guide
    •  J Series and SRX Series Documentation and Release Notes
    •  Objectives
    •  Audience
    •  Supported Routing Platforms
    •  Document Conventions
    •  Documentation Feedback
    •  Requesting Technical Support
  •   Routing Protocols
    •   Routing Overview
      •   Routing Overview
        •  Networks and Subnetworks
        •  Autonomous Systems
        •  Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols
        •  Routing Tables
        •  Forwarding Tables
        •  Dynamic and Static Routing
        •  Route Advertisements
        •  Route Aggregation
    •   Static Routing
      •  Static Routing Configuration Overview
      •   Basic Static Routes
        •  Understanding Basic Static Routing
        •  Example: Configuring a Basic Set of Static Routes
      •   Static Route Selection
        •  Understanding Static Route Preferences and Qualified Next Hops
        •  Example: Controlling Static Route Selection
      •   Static Route Control in Routing and Forwarding Tables
        •   Understanding Static Route Control in Routing and Forwarding Tables
          •  Route Retention
          •  Readvertisement Prevention
          •  Forced Rejection of Passive Route Traffic
        •  Example: Controlling Static Routes in Routing and Forwarding Tables
      •   Default Static Route Behavior
        •  Understanding Static Routing Default Properties
        •  Example: Defining Default Behavior for All Static Routes
      •  Verifying the Static Route Configuration
    •   RIP
      •   RIP Overview
        •  Distance-Vector Routing Protocols
        •  Maximizing Hop Count
        •  RIP Packets
        •  Split Horizon and Poison Reverse Efficiency Techniques
        •  Limitations of Unidirectional Connectivity
      •   RIPng Overview
        •  RIPng Protocol Overview
        •  RIPng Standards
        •  RIPng Packets
      •  RIP Configuration Overview
      •   Basic RIP Routing
        •  Understanding Basic RIP Routing
        •  Example: Configuring a Basic RIP Network
      •   RIP Traffic Control Through Metrics
        •  Understanding RIP Traffic Control with Metrics
        •  Example: Controlling Traffic with an Incoming Metric
        •  Example: Controlling Traffic with an Outgoing Metric
      •   RIP Authentication
        •  Understanding RIP Authentication
        •  Enabling Authentication with Plain-Text Passwords (CLI Procedure)
        •  Enabling Authentication with MD5 Authentication (CLI Procedure)
      •   Verifying a RIP Configuration
        •  Verifying the Exchange of RIP Messages
        •  Verifying the RIP-Enabled Interfaces
        •  Verifying Reachability of All Hosts in the RIP Network
    •   OSPF
      •  OSPF Overview
      •  OSPF Configuration Overview
      •   OSPF Designated Routers
        •  Understanding OSPF Designated Routers
        •  Example: Configuring an OSPF Router Identifier
        •  Example: Controlling OSPF Designated Router Election
      •   OSPF Areas, Area Border Routers, and Backbone Areas
        •  Understanding OSPF Areas, Area Border Routers, and Backbones
        •  Example: Configuring a Single-Area OSPF Network
        •  Example: Configuring a Multiarea OSPF Network
      •   OSPF Stub Areas and Not-So-Stubby Areas
        •  Understanding OSPF Stub Areas and Not-So-Stubby Areas
        •  Example: Configuring OSPF Stub and Not-So-Stubby Areas
      •   OSPF Authentication
        •  Understanding OSPF Authentication
        •  Example: Enabling Authentication for OSPF Exchanges
      •   OSPF Traffic Control
        •  Understanding OSPF Traffic Control
        •  Example: Controlling the Cost of Individual OSPF Network Segments
        •  Example: Controlling OSPF Route Selection in the Forwarding Table
      •   Verifying an OSPF Configuration
        •  Verifying OSPF-Enabled Interfaces
        •  Verifying OSPF Neighbors
        •  Verifying the Number of OSPF Routes
        •  Verifying Reachability of All Hosts in an OSPF Network
    •   IS-IS
      •   IS-IS Overview
        •  IS-IS Areas
        •  System Identifier Mapping
        •  ISO Network Addresses
        •  IS-IS Path Selection
        •   Protocol Data Units
          •  IS-IS Hello PDU
          •  Link-State PDU
          •  Complete Sequence Number PDU
          •  Partial Sequence Number PDU
      •  IS-IS Configuration Overview
      •  Example: Configuring IS-IS
      •   IS-IS Designated Routers
        •  Understanding IS-IS Designated Routers
        •  Configuring IS-IS Designated Routers (CLI Procedure)
    •   BGP
      •   BGP Overview
        •  BGP Messages for Session Establishment
        •  BGP Messages for Session Maintenance
        •  IBGP and EBGP
        •  Route Selection
        •  Local Preference
        •  AS Path
        •  Origin
        •   Multiple Exit Discriminator
          •  Default MED Usage
          •  Additional MED Options for Path Selection
        •  Scaling BGP for Large Networks
      •  BGP Configuration Overview
      •   BGP Peering Sessions
        •  Understanding BGP Peering Sessions
        •  Example: Configuring BGP Point-to-Point Peer Sessions
        •  Example: Configuring Internal BGP Peering Sessions
      •   BGP Route Reflectors
        •  Understanding BGP Route Reflectors
        •  Example: Configuring a Route Reflector
      •   BGP Confederations
        •  Understanding BGP Confederations
        •  Example: Configuring BGP Confederations
      •   Verifying a BGP Configuration
        •  Verifying BGP Neighbors
        •  Verifying BGP Groups
        •  Verifying BGP Summary Information
        •  Verifying Reachability of All Peers in a BGP Network
    •   Multicast
      •   Multicast Overview
        •   Multicast Architecture
          •  Upstream and Downstream Interfaces
          •  Subnetwork Leaves and Branches
          •  Multicast IP Address Ranges
          •  Notation for Multicast Forwarding States
        •  Dense and Sparse Routing Modes
        •   Strategies for Preventing Routing Loops
          •  Reverse-Path Forwarding for Loop Prevention
          •  Shortest-Path Tree for Loop Prevention
          •  Administrative Scoping for Loop Prevention
        •  Multicast Protocol Building Blocks
      •  Multicast Configuration Overview
      •   SAP and SDP Multicast Session Announcements
        •  Understanding SAP and SDP Multicast Session Announcements
        •  Example: Configuring SAP and SDP to Listen for Session Announcements (CLI)
      •   Multicast IGMP
        •  Understanding IGMP and Multicast
        •  Example: Configuring IGMP for Multicast (CLI)
      •   Multicast PIM and Static RPs
        •  Understanding PIM and Static RPs
        •  Example: Configuring PIM Sparse Mode and RP Static IP Addresses (CLI)
      •   PIM Register Messages
        •  Understanding PIM Register Messages
        •  Example: Rejecting Incoming PIM Register Messages on an RP Router (CLI)
        •  Example: Stopping Outgoing PIM Register Messages on a Designated Router (CLI)
      •   PIM RPF Routing Tables
        •  Understanding PIM RPF Routing Tables
        •  Example: Configuring a PIM RPF Routing Table (CLI)
      •   Verifying a Multicast Configuration
        •  Verifying SAP and SDP Addresses and Ports
        •  Verifying the IGMP Version
        •  Verifying the PIM Mode and Interface Configuration
        •  Verifying the PIM RP Configuration
        •  Verifying the RPF Routing Table Configuration
  •   Routing Policies and Stateless Firewall Filters
    •   Routing Policies
      •  Routing Policies Overview
      •  Routing Policies Configuration Overview
      •   Routing Policies
        •  Understanding Routing Policies
        •  Example: Creating a Routing Policy
      •   Routing Policy Terms
        •  Understanding Routing Policy Terms
        •  Example: Creating a Routing Policy Term
      •   Routing Policy Match Conditions and Actions
        •   Understanding Routing Policy Match Conditions and Actions
          •  Match Conditions
          •  Actions
        •   Route-Based Match Conditions
          •  Understanding Route-Based Match Conditions
          •  Example: Rejecting Known Invalid Routes
          •  Example: Grouping Source and Destination Prefixes into a Forwarding Class
        •   Protocol-Based Match Conditions
          •  Understanding Protocol-Based Match Conditions
          •  Example: Injecting OSPF Routes into the BGP Routing Table
        •   Autonomous System Path-Based Actions
          •  Understanding Autonomous System Path-Based Actions
          •  Example: Configuring a Routing Policy to Prepend the AS Path
      •   Routing Policy Damping Parameters
        •  Understanding Damping Parameters
        •  Example: Configuring Damping Parameters
    •   Stateless Firewall Filters
      •  Stateless Firewall Filter Overview
      •  Stateless Firewall Filter Configuration Overview
      •   Stateless Firewall Filter Terms
        •  Understanding Stateless Firewall Filter Terms
        •  Stateless Firewall Filter Match Conditions
        •  Stateless Firewall Filter Actions and Action Modifiers
      •   Trusted Source Stateless Firewall Filters
        •  Understanding Trusted Source Stateless Firewall Filters
        •  Example: Configuring a Stateless Firewall Filter to Accept Traffic from Trusted Sources
      •   Flood Prevention Stateless Firewall Filters
        •  Understanding Flood Prevention Stateless Firewall Filters
        •  Example: Configuring a Stateless Firewall Filter to Protect Against TCP and ICMP Floods
      •   Fragment Handling Stateless Firewall Filters
        •  Understanding Fragment Handling Stateless Firewall Filters
        •  Example: Configuring a Stateless Firewall Filter to Handle Fragments
        •  Example: Configuring a Filter to Match on IPv6 Flags
  •   Index
    •  Index

Symbols

#, comments in configuration statements    1

( ), in syntax descriptions    1

*,G notation, for multicast forwarding states    1

< >, in syntax descriptions    1

[ ], in configuration statements    1

{ }, in configuration statements    1

| (pipe), in syntax descriptions    1

A

ABRs     See area border routers    

access control lists (ACLs)     See stateless firewall filters    

ACLs     See stateless firewall filters    

action modifiers, stateless firewall filters    

list of    1, 2

actions    

default, routing policy    1

final, routing policy    1

modifiers, list of    1, 2

route list match types    1

routing policy    1

routing policy, summary of    1

stateless firewall filters, list of    1, 2

active routes, versus passive routes    1

address match conditions    1, 2

addresses    1,  See also IPv4 addressing; IPv6 addressing    

IS-IS NETs    1,  See also NETs    

IS-IS NSAP addresses    1

multicast ranges    1

adjacencies, IS-IS    

hello PDUs    1,  See also IS-IS    

administrative scoping    1

advertisements     See LSAs; route advertisements    

aggregation, route    1

always compare, BGP MED option    1

area border routers    

backbone area     See backbone area    

description    1

areas     See area border routers; backbone area; IS-IS, areas; NSSAs; stub areas    

AS path    

description    1

forcing by MED    1

prepending    1

role in BGP route selection    1

ASs (autonomous systems)    

area border routers    1

breaking into confederations    1

description    1

IS-IS networks    1

stub areas     See stub areas    

authentication    

OSPF, MD5    1

OSPF, plain-text passwords    1

RIPv2, MD5    1

RIPv2, plain-text passwords    1

Auto-RP    1

autonomous systems     See ASs    

B

backbone area    

configuring    1

description    1

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)    

AS path    1,  See also AS path    

confederations     See BGP confederations    

external    1,  See also EBGP    

full mesh requirement    1

injecting OSPF routes into BGP    1

internal    1,  See also IBGP    

local preference    1

MED metric    1,  See also MED    

origin value    1

overview    1, 2

peering sessions     See BGP peers; BGP sessions    

point-to-point internal peer session (configuration editor)    1

point-to-point peer session (configuration editor)    1

policy to make routes less preferable    1

requirements    1

route reflectors     See BGP route reflectors    

route selection process    1,  See also route selection    

route-flap damping    1

scaling techniques    1

session establishment    1

session maintenance    1

verifying BGP configuration    1

verifying BGP groups    1

verifying BGP peers (neighbors)    1

verifying peer reachability    1

BGP confederations    

creating (configuration editor)    1

description    1

route-flap damping    1

BGP groups    

confederations (configuration editor)    1

verifying    1

BGP messages    

to establish sessions    1

update, to maintain sessions    1

BGP neighbors     See BGP peers    

BGP peers    

directing traffic by local preference    1

external (configuration editor)    1

internal (configuration editor)    1

monitor probes    1

peer address, role in route selection    1

point-to-point connections    1

sessions between peers    1

verifying    1, 2

verifying reachability    1

BGP route reflectors    

cluster of clusters    1

clusters, role in route selection    1

creating (configuration editor)    1

description    1

multiple clusters    1

BGP sessions    

configured at both ends    1

establishment    1

maintenance    1

point-to-point external (configuration editor)    1

point-to-point internal (configuration editor)    1

sample peering session    1

bit-field logical operators, stateless firewall filters    1

bit-field match conditions    1

bit-field synonym match conditions    1

bootstrap router    1

Border Gateway Protocol     See BGP    

braces, in configuration statements    1

brackets    

angle, in syntax descriptions    1

square, in configuration statements    1

branches    1,  See also multicast    

BSR (bootstrap router)    1

C

chained stateless firewall filters    1

Cisco non-deterministic, BGP MED option    1

clusters     See BGP route reflectors    

comments, in configuration statements    1

complete sequence number PDU (CSNP)    1

confederations     See BGP confederations    

connectivity    

bidirectional (BGP)    1

bidirectional (OSPF)    1

unidirectional (RIP)    1

conventions    

notice icons    1

text and syntax    1

cost, of a network path     See path cost metrics    

CSNP (complete sequence number PDU)    1

curly braces, in configuration statements    1

customer support    1

contacting JTAC    1

D

defaults    

routing policy actions    1

denial-of-service attacks, preventing    1

dense routing mode, caution for use    1,  See also multicast routing modes    

designated router, OSPF    

controlling election    1

description    1

designated router, stopping outgoing PIM register messages on    1

diagnosis    

displaying stateless firewall filter configurations    1, 2, 3

displaying stateless firewall filter statistics    1

displaying static routes in the routing table    1

verifying BGP configuration    1

verifying BGP groups    1

verifying BGP peer reachability    1

verifying BGP peers (neighbors)    1

verifying firewall filter handles fragments    1

verifying multicast IGMP versions    1

verifying multicast SAP and SDP configuration    1

verifying OSPF host reachability    1

verifying OSPF neighbors    1

verifying OSPF routes    1

verifying OSPF-enabled interfaces    1

verifying PIM mode and interface configuration    1

verifying PIM RPF routing table    1

verifying PIM RPs    1

verifying RIP host reachability    1

verifying RIP message exchange    1

verifying RIP-enabled interfaces    1

verifying stateless firewall filter actions    1

verifying stateless firewall filter DoS protection    1

verifying stateless firewall filter flood protection    1

verifying stateless firewall filters with packet logs    1

discard, filter action    

automatic, stateless firewall filters    1

Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol    1

distance-vector routing protocols    1,  See also RIP    

documentation    

comments on    1

DoS (denial-of-service) attacks, preventing    1

downstream interfaces    1,  See also multicast    

DR     See designated router    

DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol)    1

dynamic routing    1

E

EBGP (external BGP)    

description    1

route-flap damping    1

EGPs (exterior gateway protocols)    1

exact route list match type    1

export statement, for routing policies    1

exterior gateway protocols    1

external BGP     See EBGP    

external paths, role in BGP route selection    1

F

firewall filters    

stateless firewall filters    1,  See also stateless firewall filters    

term number caution    1

verifying fragment handling    1

flap damping    1

parameters    1

flooding, preventing    1

flow control, actions in routing policies    1

font conventions    1

forwarding classes    

policy to group source and destination prefixes    1

forwarding states, multicast notation    1

forwarding table    

controlling OSPF routes in    1

controlling static routes in    1, 2

description    1

MED to determine routes in    1

from statement, routing policy match conditions    1

full mesh requirement    

description    1

fulfilling with confederations    1

fulfilling with route reflectors    1

G

ge-0/0/0, disabling PIM on    1

groups    

BGP     See BGP groups    

OSPF areas    1

RIP routers    1

H

handling packet fragments    1

hardware    

supported platforms    1

hello PDUs    1

hold time, to maintain a session    1

hop count, maximizing    1,  See also RIP    

host reachability    

verifying for an OSPF network    1

verifying for RIP network hosts    1

hostname    

IS-IS identifier-to-hostname mapping    1

I

IBGP (internal BGP)    

description    1

full mesh (configuration editor)    1

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), policers    1

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol)    

IGMPv1    1

IGMPv2    1

IGMPv3    1

setting the version    1

verifying the version    1

IGP plus MED, BGP option    1

IGP route metric, role in BGP route selection    1

IGPs (interior gateway protocols)    1

import statement, for routing policies    1

incoming metric (RIP)    

description    1

inet routing table    1

interior gateway protocols    1

internal BGP     See IBGP    

Internet Control Message Protocol policers    1

Internet Group Management Protocol     See IGMP    

Internet routing, with BGP    1

IP addresses    

as IS-IS system identifiers    1

IS-IS (Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System)    

adjacency establishment with hello PDUs    1

areas    1

ASs    1

CSNPs    1

hello PDUs    1

LSPs    1

NETs    1,  See also NETs    

NSAP addresses    1

overview    1

path selection    1

PSNPs    1

system identifiers    1,  See also system identifiers    

ISO network addresses, for IS-IS routers    1

K

keepalive messages, for session hold time    1

L

leaves    1,  See also multicast    

Level 1 areas, IS-IS    1

Level 2 areas, IS-IS    1

link-state advertisements     See LSAs    

link-state PDUs     See LSPs    

local preference    

description    1

high value preferred    1

role in BGP route selection    1

longer route list match type    1

loopback interface, applying stateless firewall filters to (configuration editor)    1

LSAs (link-state advertisements)    

description    1

three-way handshake    1

LSPs (link-state PDUs)    

CSNPs    1

overview    1

PSNPs    1

M

MAC (media access control) addresses    

as IS-IS system identifiers    1

management interfaces, disabling PIM on    1

manuals    

comments on    1

match conditions    

routing policy    1

routing policy, summary of    1

stateless firewall filters    1

stateless firewall filters, summary    1, 2

match types    1

maximum hop count, RIP    1

MED (multiple exit discriminator)    

always compare option    1

Cisco non-deterministic option    1

default use    1

description    1

path selection options    1

plus IGP option    1

role in BGP route selection    1

metrics     See MED; path cost metrics    

MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol)    1

multiarea network, OSPF    1

multicast    

*,G notation    1

administrative scoping    1

architecture    1

Auto-RP    1

BSR    1

downstream interface    1

DVMRP    1

forwarding state notation    1

IGMP     See IGMP    

IP address ranges    1

MSDP    1

network elements    1

overview    1

PGM    1

PIM dense mode     See PIM    

PIM register messages     See PIM register messages    

PIM source-specific multicast (SSM)    1

PIM sparse mode     See PIM    

preparation    1

preventing routing loops    1

protocols    1

reverse-path forwarding (RPF)    1

routing modes     See multicast routing modes    

S,G notation    1

SAP and SDP     See SAP; SDP    

session announcements    1

shortest-path tree (SPT)    1

static RP    1,  See also RP    

subnetwork leaves and branches    1

upstream interface    1

verifying IGMP versions    1

verifying PIM mode and interface configuration    1

verifying PIM RPF routing table    1

verifying PIM RPs    1

verifying SAP and SDP configuration    1

multicast routing modes    

dense mode    1

dense mode, caution for use    1

sparse mode    1

Multicast Source Discovery Protocol    1

multiple exit discriminator     See MED    

N

n-selectors, in IS-IS NET addresses    1

neighbors     See adjacencies, IS-IS; BGP peers; OSPF neighbors; RIP neighbors    

NETs (network entity titles)    

n-selectors    1

parts    1

system identifier    1

network entity titles     See NETs    

network interfaces    

enabling PIM on    1

multicast, upstream and downstream    1

verifying PIM on    1

verifying RIP message exchange    1

verifying RIP on    1

network service access point (NSAP) addresses for IS-IS routers    1

networks    

description    1

designated router     See designated router, OSPF    

path cost metrics     See path cost metrics    

sample BGP AS path    1

sample BGP confederations    1

sample BGP local preference use    1

sample BGP MED use    1

sample BGP peer session    1

sample BGP route reflector (one cluster)    1

sample BGP route reflectors (cluster of clusters)    1

sample BGP route reflectors (multiple clusters)    1

sample distance-vector routing    1

sample multiarea OSPF routing    1

sample OSPF backbone area    1

sample OSPF network with stubs and NSSAs    1

sample OSPF topology    1, 2

sample poison reverse routing    1

sample route advertisement    1

sample route aggregation    1

sample routing topology    1

sample split horizon routing    1

sample unidirectional routing    1

static routing    1

next hop    

qualified, for static routes    1

role in BGP route selection    1

not-so-stubby areas     See NSSAs    

notice icons    1

NSAP (network service access point) addresses for IS-IS routers    1

NSSAs (not-so-stubby areas)    

creating (configuration editor)    1

description    1

example    1

numeric range match conditions    1, 2

O

Open Shortest Path First protocol     See OSPF    

origin, of BGP route    1

orlonger route list match type    1

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)    

area border routers     See area border routers    

areas    1,  See also area border routers; backbone area; NSSAs; stub areas    

authenticating exchanges (OSPFv2 only)    1

backbone area     See backbone area    

controlling designated router election    1

controlling route cost    1

designated router     See designated router, OSPF    

enabling, description    1, 2, 3, 4

ensuring efficient operation    1

injecting OSPF routes into BGP    1

LSAs    1

multiarea network (configuration editor)    1

NSSAs     See NSSAs    

overview    1, 2

path cost metrics     See path cost metrics    

requirements    1

route preferences    1

router ID (configuration editor)    1

sample network topology    1, 2

single-area network (configuration editor)    1

stub areas     See stub areas    

three-way handshake    1

tuning an OSPF network    1

verifying host reachability    1

verifying neighbors    1

verifying RIP-enabled interfaces    1

verifying routes    1

OSPF interfaces    

verifying    1

OSPF neighbors, verifying    1

outgoing metric (RIP)    

description    1

P

packet-mode    

action modifier    1, 2

packets    

handling packet fragments    1

handling packet fragments (configuration editor)    1

RIP, description    1

parentheses, in syntax descriptions    1

partial sequence number PDU (PSNP)    1

passive routes, rejection, in static routing    1

password    

for OSPFv2 authentication    1

for RIPv2 authentication    1

path cost metrics    

for BGP, description    1,  See also MED    

for OSPF routes, description    1

for OSPF routes, modifying    1

for RIP routes, description    1

for RIP routes, modifying    1, 2

path selection, IS-IS    1

path-vector protocol     See BGP    

PDUs (protocol data units)    

CSNPs    1

hello PDUs    1

LSPs    1

overview    1

PSNPs    1

peering sessions     See BGP peers; BGP sessions    

permanent routes, adding    1

PGM (Pragmatic General Multicast)    1

PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast)    

dense mode    1

disabling on the network management interface    1

register messages     See PIM register messages    

RPF routing table group    1

source-specific multicast (SSM)    1

sparse mode    1

static RP router    1

supported versions    1

verifying the mode    1

verifying the RP    1

PIM register messages    

filtering    1

incoming, rejecting on an RP    1

outgoing, rejecting on a designated router    1

reject policy on designated router    1

reject policy on RP router    1

ping command (stateless firewall filter)    1

explanation    1

Ping Host page, output for BGP    1, 2

poison reverse technique    1

policers    

for stateless firewall filters    1

policy     See routing policies    

Pragmatic General Multicast    1

preferences    

for OSPF routes    1

for static routes    1

prefix-length-range match type    1

propagation, suppressing    1

protocol data units     See PDUs    

Protocol Independent Multicast     See PIM    

protocols    

Auto-RP    1

BGP     See BGP    

distance vector     See RIP    

DVMRP    1

EGPs    1

IGMP     See IGMP    

IGPs    1

IS-IS     See IS-IS    

MSDP    1

multicast     See multicast    

OSPF     See OSPF    

overview    1

path vector     See BGP    

PGM    1

PIM dense mode     See PIM    

PIM source-specific multicast (SSM)    1

PIM sparse mode     See PIM    

RIP     See RIP    

SAP and SDP     See SAP; SDP    

PSNP (partial sequence number PDU)    1

R

reachability    

verifying for a RIP network    1

verifying for BGP peers    1

verifying for OSPF network hosts    1

real-time performance monitoring (RPM), for BGP peers    1

rejecting    

unauthorized PIM registration    1

reverse-path forwarding     See RPF    

RIB     See routing table    

RIP (Routing Information Protocol)    

authentication (RIPv2 only)    1

authentication (RIPv2 only), configuring    1, 2

basic network (configuration editor)    1

distance vector protocol    1

efficiency techniques    1

maximum hop count    1

overview    1, 2

packets    1

path cost metrics     See path cost metrics    

poison reverse technique    1

requirements    1

routing policy (configuration editor)    1

split horizon technique    1

traffic control with metrics     See path cost metrics    

traffic control with metrics, configuring    1, 2

unidirectional limitations    1

verifying host reachability    1

verifying RIP message exchange    1

verifying RIP-enabled interfaces    1

RIP neighbors, verifying    1

RIPng (Routing Information Protocol next generation)    

overview    1

route advertisements    

AS path in    1

BGP, update messages    1

description    1

external, EBGP    1

internal, IBGP    1

LSAs    1

stub areas and NSSAs, to control    1

route aggregation    1

route injection    1

route list match types    1

route manipulation actions, routing policies    1

route origin, role in BGP route selection    1

route redistribution    1

route reflectors     See BGP route reflectors    

route selection    

BGP process for    1

BGP, determining by AS path    1

BGP, determining by local preference    1

BGP, determining by MED metric    1

BGP, lowest origin value preferred    1

static routes, defining    1, 2

route-flap damping    1

parameters    1

router ID, role in BGP route selection    1

routing    1,  See also protocols; routing policies; routing solutions    

advertisements    1

aggregation    1

BGP     See BGP    

dynamic    1

filtering routes with policies    1

filtering traffic through a stateless firewall    1

forwarding tables    1

from one source to many destinations    1

in multiple ASs with BGP    1

in one AS with OSPF    1

in one AS with RIP    1

IS-IS     See IS-IS    

multicast     See multicast    

neighbors     See BGP peers; OSPF neighbors; RIP neighbors    

OSPF     See OSPF    

protocol overview    1

RIP     See RIP    

RIP statistics    1

RIPng     See RIPng    

routing tables    1

static     See static routing    

Routing Engine    

handling packet fragments for (configuration editor)    1

protecting against DoS attacks    1

protecting against untrusted services and protocols (configuration editor)    1

routing information base     See routing table    

Routing Information Protocol     See RIP    

routing policies    

actions    1

applying    1

configuration tasks    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

default actions    1

export statement    1

final actions    1

forwarding class with source and destination    1

grouping source and destination prefixes    1

import statement    1

injecting routes from one protocol into another    1

making BGP routes less preferable    1

match conditions    1

overview    1

PIM register messages     See PIM register messages    

policy name    1

preparation    1

prepending AS paths    1

reducing update messages with flap damping    1

RIP routing policy (configuration editor)    1

route redistribution    1

route-flap damping    1

terms    1

terms, creating    1

routing solutions    

BGP confederations, for scaling problems    1

BGP route reflectors, for scaling problems    1

BGP scaling techniques    1

controlling designated router election    1

controlling OSPF route cost    1

controlling OSPF route selection    1

controlling RIP traffic with the incoming metric    1

controlling RIP traffic with the outgoing metric    1

designated router, to reduce flooding    1

directing BGP traffic by local preference    1

filtering unwanted services and protocols    1

handling packet fragments    1

handling packet fragments (configuration editor)    1

making BGP routes less preferable    1

multicast administrative scoping    1

multicast reverse-path forwarding (RPF)    1

multicast shortest-path tree (SPT)    1

NSSAs, to control route advertisement    1

path cost metrics, for packet flow control     See path cost metrics    

poison reverse, for traffic reduction    1

preventing multicast routing loops    1

protecting against DoS attacks    1

reducing update messages with flap damping    1

routing policies    1

securing OSPF routing (OSPFv2 only)    1

split horizon, for traffic reduction    1

stateless firewall filters    1

static route control techniques    1

stub areas, to control route advertisement    1

routing table    

controlling static routes in    1, 2

description    1

displaying static routes in    1

RPF group, for multicast    1

sample distance-vector routing    1

updates, limitations in RIP    1

verifying for RPF    1

verifying OSPF routes    1

RP (rendezvous point)    

PIM register messages, incoming, rejecting    1

PIM register messages, outgoing, stopping    1

reject policy for incoming PIM register messages    1

same reject policy on RP routers in a network    1

static    1

verifying    1

RP router     See RP    

RPF (reverse-path forwarding)    

description    1

routing table group    1

verifying the routing table    1

RPM, for BGP peers    1

S

S,G notation, for multicast forwarding states    1

sample configurations    

firewall filter configurations    1, 2, 3

SAP (Session Announcement Protocol)    

description    1

session announcements    1

verifying    1

scaling BGP     See BGP confederations; BGP route reflectors    

scoping, administrative    1

SDP (Session Discovery Protocol)    

description    1

session announcements    1

verifying    1

security    

MD5 authentication for OSPF    1

MD5 authentication for RIPv2    1

password authentication for OSPFv2    1

password authentication for RIPv2    1

stateless firewall filters    1

Session Announcement Protocol     See SAP; SDP    

sessions    

announcements, multicast    1

BGP session establishment    1

BGP session maintenance    1

shortest path first algorithm    1

shortest-path tree    1

show bgp group command    1

show bgp neighbor command    1, 2

explanation    1, 2

show bgp summary command    1, 2

explanation    1, 2

show firewall command    1, 2, 3

show firewall filter protect-RE command    1

show firewall log command    1

show igmp interface command    1

explanation    1

show interfaces lo0 command    1

show isis adjacency brief command    1

show isis adjacency extensive command    1

explanation    1

show multicast rpf command    1

explanation    1

show ospf interface command    1

explanation    1

show ospf neighbor command    1

show ospf route command    1, 2

explanation    1, 2

show pim interface command    1

explanation    1

show pim rps command    1

explanation    1

show rip neighbor command    1

show rip statistics command    1

show route summary command    1, 2

explanation    1

show route terse command    1

show sap listen command    1

explanation    1

show isis interface brief command    1

show isis interface detail command    1

explanation    1

single-area network, OSPF    1

source-specific multicast    1

sparse mode     See multicast routing modes    

SPF (shortest path first) algorithm    1

split horizon technique    1

SPT (shortest-path tree)    1

ssh command    1

stateless firewall filters    

actions and action modifiers    1, 2

applying to an interface (configuration editor)    1

automatic discard rule    1, 2

bit-field logical operators    1

chained multiple filters    1

displaying configurations    1, 2, 3

displaying statistics    1

handling packet fragments    1

handling packet fragments (configuration editor)    1

match conditions    1

multiple filters, chained    1

overview    1

planning    1, 2, 3

policers for    1

preparation    1

protecting the Routing Engine against TCP floods    1

protecting the Routing Engine against untrusted protocols (configuration editor)    1

protecting the Routing Engine against untrusted services (configuration editor)    1

sample terms, to filter fragments    1

sample terms, to filter services and protocols    1

sequences    1

terms, overview    1

typical, planning    1

verifying actions    1

verifying configuration    1, 2, 3

verifying flood protection    1

verifying packet logging    1

static routes    

configuring basic routes (configuration editor)    1

controlling    1

controlling in routing and forwarding tables    1

default properties    1

default properties, setting    1

defining route selection    1, 2

preferences    1

preventing readvertisement    1

qualified next hops    1

rejecting passive traffic    1

requirements    1

route retention    1

verifying    1

static routing    

description    1

overview    1,  See also static routes    

static RP router    1,  See also RP    

statistics    

RIP    1

stateless firewall filters    1

stub areas    

creating (configuration editor)    1

description    1

example    1

sub-ASs, BGP    1

subautonomous systems, BGP    1

subnetworks    

description    1

route aggregation    1

subnetworks, multicast leaves and branches    1

support, technical     See technical support    

syntax conventions    1

system identifier, IS-IS    

all zeros not supported    1

formats, MAC or IP address    1

identifier-to-hostname mapping    1

overview    1

T

TCP policers    1

technical support    

contacting JTAC    1

telnet command    1

terms    

in a routing policy    1

in a routing policy, creating    1

stateless firewall filters, overview    1

three-way handshake    1

through route list match type    1

to statement, routing policy match conditions    1

topology    

sample BGP AS path    1

sample BGP confederations    1

sample BGP local preference use    1

sample BGP MED use    1

sample BGP peer session    1

sample BGP route reflector (one cluster)    1

sample BGP route reflectors (cluster of clusters)    1

sample BGP route reflectors (multiple clusters)    1

sample distance-vector routing    1

sample multiarea OSPF routing    1

sample OSPF backbone area    1

sample OSPF network    1, 2

sample OSPF network with stubs and NSSAs    1

sample poison reverse routing    1

sample route advertisement    1

sample route aggregation    1

sample router network    1

sample split horizon routing    1

sample static route    1

sample unidirectional routing    1

topology database, OSPF    1

Traceroute page    

results for OSPF    1

results for RIP    1

traffic    

controlling with incoming RIP metric    1

controlling with outgoing RIP metric    1

filtering through a stateless firewall    1

U

upstream interfaces    1,  See also multicast    

upto route list match type    1

V

verification    

BGP configuration    1

BGP groups    1

BGP peer reachability    1

BGP peers (neighbors)    1

firewall filter handles fragments    1

IGMP version    1

multicast SAP and SDP    1

OSPF host reachability    1

OSPF neighbors    1

OSPF routes    1

OSPF-enabled interfaces    1

PIM mode and interface configuration    1

PIM RP address    1

PIM RPF routing table    1

RIP host reachability    1

RIP message exchange    1

RIP-enabled interfaces    1

stateless firewall filter actions    1

stateless firewall filter flood protection    1

stateless firewall filter operation    1

stateless firewall filters    1, 2, 3

stateless firewall statistics    1

static routes in the routing table    1

virtual link, through the backbone area    1