List of Figures

Figure 1: Multicast Terminology in an IP Network

Figure 2: Converting MAC Addresses to Multicast Addresses

Figure 3: Routers Start Up on a Subnet

Figure 4: Querier Router Is Determined

Figure 5: General Query Message Is Issued

Figure 6: Reports Are Received by the Querier Router

Figure 7: Host Has No Interested Receivers and Sends a Done Message to Router

Figure 8: Host Address Timer Expires and Address Is Removed from Multicast Address List

Figure 9: Rendezvous Point as Part of the RPT and SPT

Figure 10: Join Suppression

Figure 11: PIM Sparse Mode over an IPsec VPN

Figure 12: Virtual Router Instance with Three Interfaces

Figure 13: Extracting the Embedded RP IPv6 Address

Figure 14: Building an RPT Between RP and Receiver

Figure 15: PIM Register Message and PIM Join Message Exchanged

Figure 16: Traffic Sent from the Source to the RP Router

Figure 17: Traffic Sent from the RP Router Toward the Receiver

Figure 18: Receiver DR Sends a PIM Join Message to the Source

Figure 19: PIM Prune Message Is Sent from the Receiver's DR Toward the RP Router

Figure 20: RP Router Receives PIM Prune Message

Figure 21: RP Router Sends a PIM Prune Message to the Source DR

Figure 22: Source's DR Stops Sending Duplicate Multicast Packets Toward the RP Router

Figure 23: PIM Assert Topology

Figure 24: Multicast Traffic Flooded from the Source Using PIM Dense Mode

Figure 25: Prune Messages Sent Back to the Source to Stop Unwanted Multicast Traffic

Figure 26: MSDP in a VRF Instance Topology

Figure 27: Source-Active Message Flooding

Figure 28: Automatic Multicast Tunneling Connectivity

Figure 29: AMT Gateway Topology

Figure 30: VPLS Multihoming Topology

Figure 31: Networks without IGMP Snooping Configured

Figure 32: Networks with IGMP Snooping Configured

Figure 33: PGM Architecture and General Operation

Figure 34: Multicast Routers and the RPF Check

Figure 35: Receiver Announces Desire to Join Group G and Source S

Figure 36: Router 3 (Last-Hop Router) Joins the Source Tree

Figure 37: The (S,G) State Is Built Between the Source and the Receiver

Figure 38: Receiver Sends Messages to Join Group G and Source S

Figure 39: Router 3 (Last-Hop Router) Joins the Source Tree

Figure 40: (S,G) State Is Built Between the Source and the Receiver

Figure 41: Simple Topology

Figure 42: Network on Which to Configure PIM SSM

Figure 43: Multicast with Subscriber VLANs

Figure 44: Source and Receiver Sites in an MVPN

Figure 45: Adding a Receiver to an MVPN Source Site Using MBGP

Figure 46: Simple MVPN Topology

Figure 47: Multicast Over Layer 3 VPN Example Topology

Figure 48: PIM-SSM Provider Tunnel for an MBGP MVPN Topology

Figure 49: MBGP MVPN Remote Source

Figure 50: MVPN Extranets Topology Diagram

Figure 51: Default MDT

Figure 52: Data MDT

Figure 53: Dynamic Reuse of Data MDT Group Addresses

Figure 54: Multicast Connectivity on the CE Routers

Figure 55: Multicast Connectivity for the VPN

Figure 56: Customer Edge and Service Provider Networks

Figure 57: Customer Edge and Service Provider Networks

Figure 58: SSM for Draft-Rosen Multicast VPNs Topology

Figure 59: VPN Tunnel Source Topology