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Configuring System Logging for a Single-Chassis System
The JUNOS system logging utility
is similar to the UNIX syslogd utility. This section describes
how to configure system logging for a single-chassis system that runs
the JUNOS software.
System logging configuration for the JUNOS-FIPS software and
for Juniper Networks routing platforms in a Common Criteria environment
is the same as for the JUNOS software. For more information, see the Secure Configuration Guide for Common Criteria and JUNOS-FIPS.
For information about configuring system logging for a routing
matrix, see Configuring System Logging for a Routing Matrix.
Each system log message belongs to a facility, which groups
together related messages. Each message is also preassigned a severity level, which indicates how seriously the triggering
event affects routing platform functions. You always specify the facility
and severity of the messages to include in the log. For more information,
see Specifying the Facility and Severity of Messages to Include
in the Log.
You direct messages to one or more destinations
by including the appropriate statement at the [edit system syslog] hierarchy level:
By default, messages are logged in a standard
format, which is based on a UNIX system log format; for detailed information,
see Interpreting System Log Messages. You can alter
the content and format of logged messages in the following ways:
- In JUNOS 8.3 and later, you can log messages to a file
in structured-data format instead of the standard JUNOS format. Structured-data
format provides more information without adding significant length,
and makes it easier for automated applications to extract information
from the message. For more information, see Logging Messages in Structured-Data Format.
- A message’s facility and severity level are together
referred to as its priority. By default, the standard JUNOS format
for messages does not include priority information. (Structured-data
format includes a priority code by default.) To include priority information
in standard-format messages directed to a file or a remote destination,
include the explicit-priority statement. For more information,
see Including Priority Information in System Log Messages.
- By default, the standard JUNOS format for messages specifies
the month, date, hour, minute, and second when the message was logged.
You can modify the timestamp on standard-format messages to include
the year, the millisecond, or both. (Structured-data format specifies
the year and millisecond by default.) For more information, see Including the Year or Millisecond in Timestamps.
- When directing messages to a remote machine, you can specify
the IP address that is reported in messages as their source. You can
also configure features that make it easier to separate JUNOS-specific
messages or messages generated on particular routing platforms. For
more information, see Directing Messages to a Remote Machine or the Other Routing
Engine.
- The predefined facilities group together related messages,
but you can also use regular expressions to specify more exactly which
messages from a facility are logged to a file, a user terminal, or
a remote destination. For more information, see Using Regular Expressions to Refine the Set of Logged Messages.
For a statement summary for the statements discussed
in this chapter, see the JUNOS System Basics Configuration
Guide.
For detailed information about configuring system logging, see
the following sections:
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