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Locate Remote Defect Indication Alarms

A remote defect indication (RDI) is sent upstream to signal an error condition. There are two types of RDI alarms:

Remote defect indication line (RDI-L) is sent upstream to a peer LTE when an alarm indication signal line (AIS-L) or low-level defects are detected.
Remote defect indication path (RDI-P) is sent upstream to a peer PTE when a defect in the signal, typically an AIS-P, is detected.

Figure 1 shows a router receiving only an RDI-P Alarm. The X indicates that the LOS or LOF occurs in the section between ADM 1 and ADM 2.

All diagnostics are from the perspective of Router 2 (the Juniper Networks router).

Figure 1: Example of a Router Receiving Only an RDI-P Alarm

What It Means

In Figure 1, the progression of events occurring after the failure is as follows:

Figure 2 shows router receiving both an RDI-L and RDI-P Alarm. The X indicates that the LOS occurs in the section between Repeater 2 and Router 2.

All diagnostics are from the perspective of Router 2 (the Juniper Networks router).

Figure 2: Example of a Router Receiving Both an RDI-L and RDI-P Alarm

Meaning

In Figure 2, the progression of events occurring after the failure is as follows: