List of Figures

Figure 1: GMPLS LSP Hierarchy

Figure 2: GMPLS Topology Diagram

Figure 3: TE Link and Interface ID Example

Figure 4: LMP Control Channel Topology Diagram

Figure 5: Connecting IPv6 Islands over MPLS

Figure 6: IPv6 over an MPLS Tunnel

Figure 7: Carrier-of-Carriers Example

Figure 8: Multiple-Instance LDP Topology Diagram

Figure 9: Link Protection and Node-Link Protection Comparison

Figure 10: MPLS LSP Link Protection Topology Diagram

Figure 11: Node-Link Protection Topology Diagram

Figure 12: RSVP LSP Tunnel Topology Diagram

Figure 13: Overlapping VPNs Topology Diagram

Figure 14: Nonforwarding Instance Concept

Figure 15: Nonforwarding Instances Topology Diagram

Figure 16: Logical Systems Concept

Figure 17: Logical System Topology Diagram

Figure 18: OSPFv3 for IPv6 Topology Diagram

Figure 19: MT-OSPF Area Boundary

Figure 20: BGP Route Resolution

Figure 21: Route Resolution for MTR

Figure 22: Route Resolution in Multitopology Routing

Figure 23: Layer 2 Circuit Connection

Figure 24: Layer 2 Circuit Concept

Figure 25: Ethernet-Based Layer 2 Circuit Topology Diagram

Figure 26: SONET/SDH-Based Layer 2 Circuit Topology Diagram

Figure 27: ATM2 IQ-Based Layer 2 Circuit Topology Diagram

Figure 28: Layer 2 Circuit Traffic Engineering Topology Diagram

Figure 29: APS for a Layer 2 Circuit Topology Diagram

Figure 30: Multiprotocol BGP Multicast VPN Senders and Receivers

Figure 31: Multicast Over Layer 3 VPN Example Topology

Figure 32: MBGP MVPN Topology Variations Diagram

Figure 33: MVPN Extranets Topology Diagram

Figure 34: Multicast Over Layer 3 VPN Operation

Figure 35: Basic IPv4 Multicast over a Layer 3 VPN Topology Diagram

Figure 36: IPv4 Multicast with Interprovider VPNs Topology Diagram

Figure 37: TCC Concept Example

Figure 38: Layer 2 TCC Switching

Figure 39: TCC Interface Switching—PPP to ATM

Figure 40: TCC Interface Switching—Frame Relay to Fast Ethernet

Figure 41: Layer 2.5 VPN Topology Diagram

Figure 42: Ethernet Switching Example

Figure 43: VPLS Introductory Example

Figure 44: Topology for BGP/LDP Interworking in a VPLS Instance

Figure 45: Multihoming for Border Area Routers

Figure 46: Traditional Flooding in a VPLS Routing Instance

Figure 47: VPLS Routing Instance with Point-to-Multipoint LSP Flooding

Figure 48: VPLS Topology Diagram

Figure 49: Topology for VPLS Configuration Example

Figure 50: Inter-AS VPLS with MAC Operations Example Topology